Effect of heteroatom-doped carbon quantum dots on the red emission of metal-conjugated phthalocyanines through hybridization.

Quantum dots (QDs) are significant fluorescent materials for energy transfer studies with phthalocyanines (Pcs) and phthalocyanine (Pc)-like biomolecules (such as chlorophylls). Carbon-based QDs, especially, have been used in numerous studies concerning energy transfer with chlorophylls, but the numbers of studies concerning energy transfer between phthalocyanines and carbon-based QDs are limited. In this study, peripherally, hydroxythioethyl terminal group substituted metal-free phthalocyanine (H Pc) and zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) were noncovalently (electrostatic and/or π-π interaction) attached to carbon QDs containing boron and nitrogen to form QD-Pc nanoconjugates.