Assessment of Changes in Vascular Density in the Layers of the Eye in Patients With Parkinson's Disease.

Background: The retina is affected by Parkinson's disease (PD).

Purpose: We aimed to assess the anatomical and vascular deterioration of the retina in PD.

Methods: Sixty-six patients with PD and 66 healthy volunteers were evaluated in this study.

Evaluating Headache Incidence and Characteristics After Botulinum Toxin Treatment in Blepharospasm and Hemifacial Spasm Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Clinical Study.

Objectives: The aim of the study is to assess the prevalence and clinical features of headache in patients treated with botulinum toxin for blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm. In addition, our secondary aim was to identify potential factors influencing the development of these headaches.

Methods: A total of 70 patients who were treated with on a botulinum toxin A for dystonia treatment in our clinic between January 2023 and March 2023 were retrospectively screened, and the clinical and demographic characteristics of the patients who reported headache complaints after the last botulinum toxin treatment were examined.

Efficacy of Adding a Distal Level Block to a C2 Level Greater Occipital Nerve Block under Ultrasound Guidance in Chronic Migraine.

Objective: To investigate the benefit of adding a distal level greater occipital nerve (GON) block to the proximal level GON block under ultrasound guidance in patients with chronic migraine (CM) with cutaneous allodynia (CA).

Methods: Seventy-eight patients with CM were included. A single US-guided GON block was performed at proximal and distal levels in patients with CM with CA and only at the proximal level in patients with CM without CA.

Autonomic Neuropathy and Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients With Impaired Glucose Tolerance or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Autonomic neuropathy is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). The etiology of autonomic impairment is not well-understood, yet. There is need for studies to investigate the cause-effect relationships of inflammation and/or endothelial dysfunction and diabetic autonomic neuropathy.

Association between the Levels of IL-6, sE-Selectin and Distal Sensory Nerve Conduction Studies in Patients with Prediabetes.

Aim: To determine the association between interleukin-6 (IL-6) and soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin) levels with the electrodiagnostic abnormalities in patients with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).

Methods: Serum HbA1c, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), fibrinogen, IL-6 and sE-selectin levels were analyzed in 25 IFG patients, 22 IGT patients and 41 controls. Nerve conduction studies (NCS) of sural, dorsal sural (DS), medial dorsal cutaneous and medial plantar sensory nerves were conducted.

Interleukin-6, interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist levels in epileptic seizures.

Purpose: Data are accumulating to support the involvement of inflammatory mechanisms in the pathogenesis and course of epilepsy.

Methods: The aim of this study was to examine seizure-induced changes in plasma concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in 23 patients with epilepsy undergoing a video-electroencephalography (EEG) study. Patients were divided into groups based on epilepsy type as follows: temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) (n=6), extra-temporal lobe epilepsy (XLE) (n=8) and idiopathic generalised epilepsy (IGE) (n=9).

Surgical repair of a post-traumatic arteriovenous fistula complicated by stent-graft misplacement.

An arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is an abnormal connection between an artery and a vein which may result from a traumatic injury or occur as a congenital abnormality. It may be asymptomatic or may present with a variety of symptoms. Surgical or endovascular treatment can be preferred.