Graphene-based biosensors in milk analysis: A review of recent developments.

Cow's milk, an excellent source of fat, protein, amino acids, vitamins and minerals, is currently one of the most consumed products worldwide. Contaminations originating from diverse sources, such as biological, chemical, and physical, cause dairy product quality problems and thus dairy-related disorders, raising public health issues. For this reason, legal authorities have deemed it necessary to classify certain contaminations in commercial milk and keep them within particular limitations; therefore, it is urgent to develop next-generation detection systems that can accurately identify just the contaminants of concern to human health.

Translated Mutant mRNA Expression Level Impacts the Severity of Dentin Defects.

Hereditary dentin defects are conventionally classified into three types of dentinogenesis imperfecta (DGI) and two types of dentin dysplasia (DD). Mutations in the dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) gene have been identified to cause DGI type II and III and DD type II; therefore, these are not three different conditions, but rather allelic disorders. In this study, we recruited three families with varying clinical phenotypes from DGI-III to DD-II and performed mutational analysis by candidate gene analysis or whole-exome sequencing.

A pilot study of a deep learning approach to submerged primary tooth classification and detection.

Aim: The aim of the study was to compare the success and reliability of an artificial intelligence (AI) application in the detection and classification of submerged teeth in panoramic radiographs.

Materials And Methods: Convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithms were used to detect and classify submerged molars. The detection module, based on the stateof- the-art Faster R-CNN architecture, processed a radiograph to define the boundaries of submerged molars.

Ectopic eruption of maxillary permanent first molars: Predictive factors for self-corrected and impacted outcome.

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the occurrence, angulation and mesialisation ratio of the ectopic eruption of the maxillary permanent first molar (PFM) and its correlation with the pathological resorption of maxillary primary second molar (PSM).

Methods: This retrospective study was performed using the subsequent panoramic radiographs of 11.924 child patients aged 6-10 years.

Effects of Deproteinization on Bond Strength of Composite to Primary Teeth Affected by Amelogenesis.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different dentin deproteinization treatments on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of composite resin to primary dentin affected by hypocalcified amelogenesis imperfecta (AI). Flat dentin surfaces were obtained from both extracted hypocalcified AI-affected and sound primary molars and then randomly allocated into three groups according to surface treatment (deproteinization with sodium hypochlorite [NaOCl], deproteinization with chlorine dioxide [ClO₂], nontreated controls). μTBS of specimens were measured with a universal testing machine, and data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's tests.

Effectiveness of Different Cleaning Solutions in Removing Residual Caries-Detector Dyes.

Objective: Caries-detector dyes (CDDs) have proven useful in the identification and removal of carious dentin. However, residues of these cleaning agents may remain in the oral cavity. This study conducted spectrophotomectric analyses to evaluate the effectiveness of different cleaning agents in removing residual CDDs from the oral cavity.

Candidate gene sequencing reveals mutations causing hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta.

Objective: Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a rare hereditary disorder affecting the quality and quantity of the tooth enamel. The purpose of this study was to identify the genetic etiology of hypoplastic AI families based on the candidate gene approach.

Materials And Methods: We recruited three Turkish families with hypoplastic AI and performed a candidate gene screening based on the characteristic clinical feature to find the pathogenic genetic etiology.

Effect of Fluoride Varnish Containing CPP-ACP on Preventing Enamel Erosion.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of a fluoride varnish with added casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate treatment on the prevention of enamel erosion, and it compared the results with those of other fluoride varnishes. Fifty enamel specimens obtained from bovine incisors were randomly divided into five groups ( = 10) based on the type of surface pretreatment used: intact enamel (Group 1); intact enamel+erosive cycles (Group 2); intact enamel+MI varnish+erosive cycles (Group 3); intact enamel+Clinpro White varnish+erosive cycles (Group 4); and intact enamel+Duraphat varnish+erosive cycles (Group 5). The specimens were subjected to erosive cycles for five days.

Effect of fluoride varnish with added casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate on the acid resistance of the primary enamel.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effects of a fluoride varnish with added Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP) treatments on acid resistance of primary teeth enamel.

Methods: Enamel specimens obtained from 40 primary incisors (for surface microhardness testing) and 40 primary molars (for demineralization depth measurement) were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10 incisors and 10 molars) each according to surface treatment: no treatment (control), MI varnish (1-8 % sodium fluoride and 1-5 % CPP-ACP), Clinpro White (1-5 % sodium fluoride and <5 % modified tricalcium phosphate), Duraphat (<5 % sodium fluoride). Specimens were stored for 24 h in a moist environment.

Partial Pulpotomy with BioAggregate in Complicated Crown Fractures: Three Case Reports.

This report describes three cases of complicated crown fractures treated with partial pulpotomy using BioAggregate. Three maxillary permanent central incisors with complicated crown fracture were treated by partial pulpotomy using BioAggregate and reviewed clinically and radiographically for 24 months. Throughout this period, there was no spontaneous pain, periapical radiolucency, and coronal discoloration; the pulp was observed to be vital.

A Comparative Study of Oral Health Parameters in Molar Incisor Hypomineralization and High-Caries-Risk Children Aged 8-11 Years.

Objective: To compare oral health parameters: decayed missing filled teeth (dmft, DMFT), gingival index and plaque index in high-caries-risk children and children with molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH).

Subjects And Methods: A study group of 81 children affected by MIH (49 girls, 32 boys) aged 8-11 years (mean 9.4 ± 1.

Solubility of two resin composites in different mouthrinses.

Aim: This study aimed to compare the solubility of a universal restorative resin composite (Filtek Z250; FZ250) and a silorane-based resin composite (Filtek Silorane; FS) after immersion in alcohol-containing mouthrinse, alcohol-free mouthrinse, and artificial saliva.

Methods: 30 discs (10 mm × 1 mm) were prepared from each material and desiccated until a constant mass was obtained. Specimens were immersed in the test solutions for two days and desiccated again.

Shear bond strength of self-adhering flowable composite on dentin with and without application of an adhesive system.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of conventional and self-adhering flowable resin composites on the dentin surfaces of primary and permanent teeth and to evaluate the effect of the application of an adhesive system under self-adhering flowable resin composite on SBS.

Methods: Prepared permanent and primary tooth dentin surfaces were randomly distributed into 3 groups according to application protocols as follows: group 1: Vertise Flow; group 2: OptiBond + Filtek Ultimate; and group 3: OptiBond + Vertise Flow. A universal testing machine was used to measure SBS of prepared specimens, and data were analyzed using 1-way ANOVA and Tukey test.

Dental development in children with severe molar-incisor hypomineralization in Samsun, Turkey.

Anomalies in amelogenesis may be due to developmental defects or abnormalities in different components of developing teeth and can affect dental development. We compared dental development in a group of children with molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) with that in age- and sex-matched controls. Dental age was determined using panoramic radiographs of 105 children (59 girls, 46 boys) aged 7-11 years with severe MIH, and the findings were compared with those from 105 healthy age- and sex-matched controls.

Evaluation of elementary school teachers' knowledge and attitudes about immediate emergency management of traumatic dental injuries.

Purpose: To investigate teachers' knowledge and attitudes about emergency management of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) in children.

Materials And Methods: A total of 764 teachers from 13 elementary schools were included in the study. Data were collected using a self-reporting questionnaire in which teachers were asked about demographic information, previous experience with dental trauma, first-aid training, knowledge of emergency management and how they would respond to two hypothetical TDI cases.

Parental knowledge and attitudes regarding the emergency treatment of avulsed permanent teeth.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine parental knowledge and attitudes about avulsed permanent teeth and their emergency treatment in children.

Methods: A total of 289 parents of children aged 6-12 years receiving care at the Ondokuz Mayis University Pediatric Dentistry Clinic were included in the study. Questionnaires were used to collect data on parents' demographic characteristics, previous training in traumatic dental injury and treatment and knowledge of avulsed permanent teeth and their emergency management.

Evaluation of survival of 3 different fixed space maintainers.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide a comparative evaluation of the survival times and failure rates of different types of fixed space maintainers (SMs).

Methods: A total of 30 4- to 10-year-olds were selected for the study. Children were divided into 3 groups, according to type of SM, namely: band and loop (B&L), direct bonded (DB), and fiber-reinforced composite (FRC).

Fluoride and aluminum release from restorative materials using ion chromatography.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the amounts of fluoride and aluminum released from different restorative materials stored in artificial saliva and double-distilled water.

Material And Methods: Cylindrical specimens (10 x 1 mm) were prepared from 4 different restorative materials (Kavitan Plus, Vitremer, Dyract Extra, and Surefil). For each material, 20 specimens were prepared, 10 of which were stored in 5 mL artificial saliva and 10 of which were stored in 5 mL of double-distilled water.

Timing of permanent teeth eruption in Turkish children.

Objective: To identify the mean time of permanent teeth eruption in children aged 5-15 years in Samsun, Turkey.

Study Design: A total of 1,491 children aged 5-15 years (Female: 773; Male: 718) were included in this study. Teeth were recorded as either "not erupted" or "erupted," which was defined as having at least one cusp visible in the oral cavity.

Early diagnosis of bilateral supplemental primary and permanent maxillary lateral incisors: a case report.

Supernumerary teeth occur frequently in permanent dentition, but they are rarely found in primary dentition. Supernumerary teeth of orthodox shape and size that resemble normal dentition are called 'supplemental teeth'. Supplemental teeth are less common than supernumerary teeth and are often overlooked because of their normal shape and size.

Relationship between caries and dental plaque composition.

Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between dental caries and the biochemical composition of dental plaque and to determine the effect of a 10% sucrose solution on the biochemical structure of dental plaque in children.

Methods: 60 children grouped according to caries status took part in this study [Caries-free (CF), DMFS=0, df-s = 0; Caries-positive (CP), DMFS > or =10, df-s > or =10]. Dental plaque samples were collected before (baseline) and at 3 and 30 minutes after a 1-minute rinse with 10% sucrose.

Dental development in children with mild-to-moderate hypodontia.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare dental development in a group of children with mild-to-moderate hypodontia with a matched group.

Methods: A study group of 70 children (43 girls, 27 boys) with hypodontia, aged 5.3 to 12.

Fluoride release and recharge from different materials used as fissure sealants.

Objectives: Fluoride release/recharge properties of fissure sealants are important for their long-term inhibition of caries. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between fluoride release and recharge of pit-and-fissure sealants.

Methods: Specimens were prepared from 5 different sealant materials: Fissurit F, a conventional resin; Fuji VII, a glass-ionomer cement (GIC); Fuji II LC, a resin-modified GIC; Ionosit, a polyacid-modified composite resin (PMRC); and Aelite Flo, a flowable composite resin.

The effects of children's drinks on the color stability of various restorative materials.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of exposure to various children's drinks on the color stability of different esthetic restorative material commonly used in pediatric dentistry.

Study Design: Cylindrical specimens (15 x 2mm) were prepared from four different restorative materials (Fuji IX, Fuji II LC, Dyract Extra, and Filtek Z250). For each material, 20 specimens were prepared and divided into four groups.