Black phosphorus film as Q-switcher in neodymium-doped fiber laser.

We present the successful development of a 1089.4 nm Q-switched laser employing a neodymium-doped fiber (NDF) as the active fiber and black phosphorus (BP) as the saturable absorber (SA). The BP SA was fabricated by inserting BP compound into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) host polymer, exhibiting a saturable absorption of 2.

Passively harmonic dissipative soliton generation in normal dispersion erbium-doped fiber laser using SMS fiber as artificial saturable absorber.

Passively harmonic mode-locking has been experimentally demonstrated in an erbium-doped fiber laser with large normal dispersion using single-multi-single mode structure as artificial saturable absorber. By increasing the pump power under the same polarization setting, the mode-locking operation can switch from fundamental mode-locked to 5th order harmonic mode-locked. Highest repetition rate of 4.

Copper phthalocyanines as a mode-locker in an Er-doped fiber laser.

We demonstrate a mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) utilizing copper phthalocyanines (CuPc) as a saturable absorber (SA) for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. The investigated SA was prepared using a simple, low-cost and straightforward technique, whereby the CuPc powder was embedded into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to form a thin film. The thin film acted as a mode-locker when it was incorporated into the EDFL cavity to produce output pulses at a repetition rate of 1.

Domain-wall dark pulse generation with SMF-GIMF-SMF structure as artificial saturable absorber.

We experimentally demonstrated the generation of domain-wall dark pulse in an Erbium-doped fiber laser using the combination of a 10 cm graded index multimode fiber sandwiched by single mode fibers as artificial saturable absorber. The interaction of phase difference in grade index multimode fiber allowed the stable dual-wavelength oscillation in the cavity. The dual-wavelength centered at 1567.

Sodium carbonate modulated ultrashort mode-locked stretched pulses in an erbium-doped fiber laser.

In this paper, we propose a new, to the best of our knowledge, saturable absorber (SA) based on sodium carbonate ( ) for producing an ultrafast mode-locked stretched pulse in a passively erbium-doped fiber laser at near-zero dispersion. The solid film of a -SA was fabricated by the drop-casting method using polyvinyl alcohol as a host polymer. The modulation depth of the proposed SA, which was measured by a balanced twin detector technique, was 2.

Review of Microbottle Resonators for Sensing Applications.

Microbottle resonators (MBR) are bottle-like structures fabricated by varying the radius of an optical fiber. MBRs can support whispering gallery modes (WGM) by the total internal reflection of the light coupled into the MBRs. MBRs have a significant advantage in sensing and other advanced optical applications due to their light confinement abilities in a relatively small mode volume and having high Q factors.

Single and Bunch Soliton Generation in Optical Fiber Lasers Using Bismuth Selenide Topological Insulator Saturable Absorber.

In this work, we present the generation of two distinct types of soliton pulses using a Bismuth Selenide (BiSe) saturable absorber (SA) synthesized in our laboratory. The soliton pulses were generated in two different laser cavity configurations, resulting in two types of solitons: a soliton pulse with Kelly sidebands and a bunched soliton pulse with peak-dip sidebands. Both solitons operated at the fundamental repetition rate-23.

Dissipative Soliton Mode-Locked Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser Using NbAlC Nanomaterial Saturable Absorber.

We report the fabrication of an erbium-doped fiber-based saturable absorber (SA) of niobium aluminium carbide (NbAlC) nanomaterial that can generate a dissipative soliton mode-locked pulse. Stable mode-locked pulses operating at 1530 nm with repetition rates of 1 MHz and pulse widths of 6.375 ps were produced using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and the Nb2AlC nanomaterial.

Passively mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser based on a nanodiamond saturable absorber.

In this paper, we propose nanodiamond (ND) material as a saturable absorber (SA) to generate short pulses from a mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL). The ND-SA is fabricated by the drop-casting method using polyvinyledenedifluoride-trifluoroethylene as a host polymer and methyl ethel ketone as a solvent liquid. The SA, which possesses 20% ND concentration, has a 5.

Skin lesion classification using multi-resolution empirical mode decomposition and local binary pattern.

Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer in many parts of the world. As skin cancers start as skin lesions, it is important to identify precancerous skin lesions early. In this paper we propose an image based skin lesion identification to classify seven different classes of skin lesions.

Self-starting triple-wavelength vector dark soliton with a bismuth-doped fiber saturable absorber.

We report on the generation of a triple-wavelength vector dark soliton in an all-fiber ring cavity of erbium-doped fiber laser mode-locked with a bismuth-doped fiber saturable absorber. The formation of the triple-wavelength vector dark soliton is due to the cross-phase coupling derived from the cavity birefringence. The mode-locked laser operated at a 1.

Precursors to non-invasive clinical dengue screening: Multivariate signature analysis of in-vivo diffuse skin reflectance spectroscopy on febrile patients in Malaysia.

Dengue diagnostics have come a long way. Attempts at breaking away from lab-oriented dengue detection, such as NS1 antigen, IgM or IgG antibodies detection have extensively received numerous coverage. As a result, rapid detection tests (RDTs) have started to gain inroads in medical practice.

Nanosecond passively Q-switched fibre laser using a NiS based saturable absorber.

Q-switched pulse laser generation is successfully demonstrated in both Erbium-doped fibre laser (EDFL) and Thulium-doped fibre laser (TDFL) cavities by employing Nickel disulfide (NiS) as a saturable absorber (SA). Q-switched pulse laser operation at 1.55 μm and 2.

Nanosecond pulse laser generation at 1.55 and 2 μm regions by integrating a piece of newly developed chromium-doped fiber-based saturable absorber.

This paper demonstrated the nanosecond pulse laser operation at 1.55 and 2 μm wavelength regions using a newly develop chromium-doped fiber (CrDF) as a saturable absorber (SA) to convert efficiently continuous-wave laser operation to nanosecond pulse laser operation. The laser uses an erbium-doped fiber (EDF) and thulium-doped fiber as the gain medium.

Investigation of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) in MoS- and WS-Protected Titanium Side-Polished Optical Fiber as a Humidity Sensor.

In this paper, we report the effects of a side-polished fiber (SPF) coated with titanium (Ti) films in different thicknesses, namely 5 nm, 13 nm, and 36 nm, protected by a thin layer of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS) and tungsten disulfide (WS), which provide ultra-sensitive sensor-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) covering from the visible to mid-infrared region. The SPF deposited with Ti exhibits strong evanescent field interaction with the MoS and WS, and good optical absorption, hence resulting in high-sensitivity performance. Incremental increases in the thickness of the Ti layer contribute to the enhancement of the intensity of transmission with redshift and broad spectra.

Ultrashort pulse generation with an erbium-doped fiber laser ring cavity based on a copper oxide saturable absorber.

A soliton mode-locked erbium-doped fiber (EDF) laser has been experimentally demonstrated using copper oxide (CuO) thin film as a saturable absorber (SA). The dispersion of the EDF cavity including the CuO-SA was balanced by a suitable length of single-mode fiber (SMF). The fabricated CuO-SA has 3.

Q-switched ytterbium-doped fiber laser via a thulium-doped fiber saturable absorber.

We demonstrated a reliable and stable Q-switched ytterbium-doped fiber laser centered at 1069 nm by employing a segment of 11 cm thulium-doped fiber (TDF) as a saturable absorber (SA) in the ring cavity. The fiber SA has an optical absorption of 1.35 dB at the Q-switched operating regime.

Temperature sensing using CdSe quantum dot doped poly(methyl methacrylate) microfiber.

This work describes noncontact temperature measurements using wavelength shifts of CdSe quantum dot (QD) doped poly(methyl methacrylate) microfiber. The sensor is fabricated using a drawing method by bridging two tapered single mode fibers with a polymer microfiber (PMF) approximately 3 μm in diameter. A set of a PMF section with and without the doping of the CdSe-ZnS core-shell QD was applied as sensing probes and used to measure temperatures over the range of 25°C-48°C.

Potassium permanganate (KMnO) sensing based on microfiber sensors.

Two straight microfiber sensors are proposed and demonstrated for the detection of various concentrations of a potassium permanganate (KMnO) solution. Two types of straight microfibers, namely, silica microfiber and poly(methyl methacrylate) microfiber, have been fabricated by using the flame brushing technique and the direct drawing technique, respectively. Based on the varied KMnO concentrations of the solution from 1% to 6%, the measurement of the peak voltage of the transmission power was made.

Reversible thermo-pneumatic valves on centrifugal microfluidic platforms.

Centrifugal microfluidic systems utilize a conventional spindle motor to automate parallel biochemical assays on a single microfluidic disk. The integration of complex, sequential microfluidic procedures on these platforms relies on robust valving techniques that allow for the precise control and manipulation of fluid flow. The ability of valves to consistently return to their former conditions after each actuation plays a significant role in the real-time manipulation of fluidic operations.

Performance analysis of an all-optical OFDM system in presence of non-linear phase noise.

The potential for higher spectral efficiency has increased the interest in all-optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. However, the sensitivity of all-optical OFDM to fiber non-linearity, which causes nonlinear phase noise, is still a major concern. In this paper, an analytical model for estimating the phase noise due to self-phase modulation (SPM), cross-phase modulation (XPM), and four-wave mixing (FWM) in an all-optical OFDM system is presented.

All-fiber dual wavelength passive Q-switched fiber laser using a dispersion-decreasing taper fiber in a nonlinear loop mirror.

This paper describes a proposal and successful demonstration of a dual wavelength all-fiber passively Q-switched erbium-doped fiber ring laser. The Q-switch operation was realized by using a nonlinear loop mirror that incorporated an unbalanced dispersion-decreasing taper fiber to act as a saturable absorber without additional elements. This setup enabled a fiber ring laser to achieve a performance of 48.

Biosensing enhancement of dengue virus using microballoon mixers on centrifugal microfluidic platforms.

Dengue is the current leading cause of death among children in several Latin American and Asian countries. Due to poverty in areas where the disease is prevalent and the high cost of conventional diagnostic systems, low cost devices are needed to reduce the burden caused by dengue infection. Centrifugal microfluidic platforms are an alternative solution to reduce costs and increase the availability of a rapid diagnostic system.

Temperature compensation in determining of Remazol black B concentrations using plastic optical fiber based sensor.

In this study, the construction and test of tapered plastic optical fiber (POF) sensors, based on an intensity modulation approach are described. Tapered fiber sensors with different diameters of 0.65 mm, 0.