Surgical Parameters and Prognostic Factors in Persistent Fetal Vasculature: Insights from a Retrospective Cohort Study.

Introduction: Persistent fetal vasculature (PFV) is a congenital anomaly associated with significant surgical challenges, including a high risk of postoperative retinal detachment (RD). This study aimed to evaluate the impact of surgical approach and axial length (AL) on RD risk and visual outcomes in pediatric PFV management.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving 76 eyes of 74 patients who underwent cataract surgery for PFV between 2014 and 2022.

Childhood Myopic Foveoschisis in LRPAP1-associated Myopia.

This case reports the development of foveoschisis in a child with high myopia due to a homozygous LRPAP1 pathogenic variant. A 9-year-old girl with high myopia due to a homozygous mutation in the LRPAP1 gene and a history of retinal detachment repair in her right eye, presented on follow-up with progressive myopic foveoschisis in the left eye noted on optical coherence tomography. The schitic changes evolved into a lamellar macular hole and required vitrectomy.

Early-Onset Myopia and Retinal Detachment without Typical Microcoria or Severe Proteinuria due to a Novel LAMB2 Variant.

Purpose: To describe the ocular and renal features, as well as outcomes of retinal detachment repair, in patients with a novel, homozygous laminin β-2 (LAMB2) pathogenic variant.

Design: Single-center retrospective chart review of patients with a homozygous variant, c.619T>C p.

Combined central retinal vein occlusion and cilioretinal artery occlusion as the initial presentation of frosted branch angiitis: a case report and literature review.

Purpose: To report a case of combined central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) with cilioretinal artery occlusion (CLRAO) that heralded the development of frosted branch angiitis (FBA).

Case Report: A 25-year-old healthy male presented with sudden painless visual loss in his left eye with a visual acuity (VA) of 20/300. Fundus exam and fluorescein angiography showed signs of combined CRVO and CLRAO.

LEPREL1 -RELATED GIANT RETINAL TEAR DETACHMENTS MIMIC THE PHENOTYPE OF OCULAR STICKLER SYNDROME.

Purpose: To describe the features of retinal detachments and high myopia in patients with novel pathogenic variants in LEPREL1 and report a possible association with nephropathy.

Methods: Retrospective study of 10 children with biallelic LEPREL1 pathogenic variants. Data included ophthalmic features, surgical interventions, and genetic and laboratory findings.

Multimodal Imaging, Tele-Education, and Telemedicine in Retinopathy of Prematurity.

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a disease that affects retinal vasculature in premature infants and remains one of the leading causes of blindness in childhood worldwide. ROP screening can encounter some difficulties such as the lack of specialists and services in rural areas. The evolution of technology has helped address these issues and led to the emergence of state-of-the-art multimodal digital imaging devices such fundus cameras with its variable properties, optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT angiography, and fluorescein angiography which has helped immensely in the process of improving ROP care and understanding the disease pathophysiology.

Saudi Arabian retinopathy of prematurity national telemedicine program: Achievements and challenges.

The Saudi Arabian Retinopathy of Prematurity National Telemedicine programme (SAROP) is a product of the National Committee for Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP). The program includes ROP telescreening, diagnosis, and management of cases requiring treatment. Digital retinal images and filled ROP software requests were uploaded from 20 level-3 neonatal intensive care units (NICU) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) to the King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital server and the ROP telemedicine website.

Pediatric Retinal Detachment in Homozygous Protein C Deficiency: Genetic and Phenotypic Description of a Single Family.

Homozygous protein C deficiency is a rare hypercoagulability disorder. This study describes the ocular manifestations and the genetic background in a family with two affected children. This is a retrospective review of ophthalmic examinations, investigations, genetic testing, and blood work-up of two children with homozygous protein C deficiency from a single family.

Loss of the collagen IV modifier prolyl 3-hydroxylase 2 causes thin basement membrane nephropathy.

The glomerular filtration barrier (GFB) produces primary urine and is composed of a fenestrated endothelium, a glomerular basement membrane (GBM), podocytes, and a slit diaphragm. Impairment of the GFB leads to albuminuria and microhematuria. The GBM is generated via secreted proteins from both endothelial cells and podocytes and is supposed to majorly contribute to filtration selectivity.

Vitrectomy versus Vitrectomy with Scleral Buckling in the Treatment of Giant Retinal Tear Related Retinal Detachments: An International Multicenter Study.

Purpose: To determine the practice pattern for treating giant retinal tear (GRT) related detachments, and their anatomic and visual outcomes with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with or without scleral buckling (SB).

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Subjects: Eyes with GRT detachments repaired from 2008 to 2020 with at least 6 months of follow-up from 7 institutions in North and South America, Europe, and Asia.

Comparison of heads up three dimensional visualization system to conventional microscope in retinopathy of prematurity related tractional retinal detachment.

To report the outcomes, advantages and disadvantages of a heads-up three-dimensional (3D) visualization system compared to the conventional microscope in pediatric tractional retinal detachment (TRD) surgery secondary to advanced stage retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Medical records of patients with ROP stage 4 or 5 who underwent surgery for tractional retinal detachment at King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital between September 2017 and July 2019 were identified and reviewed. Eyes were divided into 2 groups, eyes that underwent surgery with a 3D heads-up platform (3D group) and eyes that underwent surgery with a conventional microscope (conventional group).

Comparison of Posterior Hyaloid Assessment Using Preoperative Optical Coherence Tomography and Intraoperative Triamcinolone Acetonide Staining During Vitrectomy.

Purpose: To compare the specificity of diagnosing posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) using preoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) versus intraoperative triamcinolone acetonide (TA) staining in patients undergoing vitrectomy.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy for diverse retinal pathologies. Intraoperatively, surgeons evaluated the posterior hyaloid status with TA staining and compared it with preoperative OCT findings.

Pitfalls of Advanced Retinopathy of Prematurity Presentation: A Content Analysis of Medical Records.

Purpose: To identify the pitfalls in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening leading to advanced disease at Ministry of Health (MOH) hospitals in Saudi Arabia.

Methods: A qualitative deductive content analysis was used to study the phenomena of defects in ROP screening. A retrospective review of medical records of newborns presenting to two tertiary eye care centers with advanced ROP (stage 4 and 5) from January 2012 to June 2019 was completed.

Pemphigus Vulgaris-Associated Anterior Scleritis: A Case Study.

Ocular involvement in pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is relatively rare. The conjunctiva and eyelids are considered the most common affected sites in ocular pemphigus. Scleritis is rarely reported as a manifestation of PV.

Adjunctive Intravitreal Triamcinolone Acetonide for Exudative Retinal Detachment in Coats Disease.

Purpose: This work aims to assess the value of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) as an adjunctive therapy in advanced Coats disease with exudative retinal detachment (ERD).

Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of patients with Coats disease stage 3 or higher who received IVTA to decrease subretinal fluid (SRF), facilitate retinal ablative therapy, and avoid surgical drainage. Primary outcomes were SRF resolution and avoidance of surgical SRF drainage.

Development of neovascular glaucoma after intraocular surgery in Pierson syndrome.

: To report a patient with Pierson syndrome who presented with neovascular glaucoma (NVG) after cataract surgery.: Retrospective case report.: A 17-year old monocular female presented with sudden onset of pain and decreased vision in the right eye.

Posterior Segment Characterization in Children With Pierson Syndrome.

Background And Objective: Pierson syndrome is a rare genetic disease defined by congenital nephrotic syndrome in association with microcoria. The authors aim to describe the posterior segment and retinal features in Pierson syndrome.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective chart review of nine patients diagnosed with Pierson syndrome was ascertained.

Internal Limiting Membrane Folds as a Presenting Sign in Acute Initial-Onset Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease: A Case Report.

Purpose: To report a case of initial-onset acute Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) presenting with internal limiting membrane (ILM) folds as the initial clinical sign.

Methods: This is a retrospective case review.

Results: A 36-year-old woman with a recent history of periorbital injection of cosmetic filler who presented with sudden blurred vision in the right eye of a few hours duration.

Persistent subretinal fluid following diabetic tractional retinal detachment repair: risk factors, natural history, and management outcomes.

Purpose: To study the natural history, anatomical and functional outcomes of persistent subretinal fluid (SRF) after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for diabetic tractional retinal detachment (TRD) and combined traction-rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (TRRD).

Methods: Retrospective interventional case series of 43 patients (46 eyes) with persistent SRF following PPV for diabetic TRD or combined TRRD from January 2010 to December 2017 at single tertiary institution. Primary outcomes included best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central foveal thickness (CFT).

Evolution of macular hole in enhanced S-cone syndrome.

Purpose: To describe the stages of development and natural course of a full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) in a patient with enhanced S-cone syndrome (ESCS).

Methods: This study reported the serial ophthalmologic examinations and macular spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) imaging over a period of 6 years in a 29-year-old man with ESCS confirmed by electroretinography (ERG) and NR2E3 molecular genetic analysis.

Results: At presentation, patient had night blindness and visual acuity (VA) of 20/300 in the right eye (OD) and 20/100 in the left eye (OS).

A novel variant in DOCK6 gene associated with Adams-Oliver syndrome type 2.

Background: Adams-Oliver syndrome (AOS) is a rare, inherited multi-systemic malformation syndrome characterized by a combination of aplasia cutis congenita and transverse terminal limb defects along with variable involvement of the central nervous system, eyes, and cardiovascular system. AOS can be inherited as both autosomal-dominant and recessive traits. Pathogenic variants in the , and genes have been associated with AOS.