A Practical Framework for Novel Electronic Nicotine Delivery System Evaluation: Chemical and Toxicological Characterization of JUUL2 Aerosol and Comparison with Reference Cigarettes.

Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDSs) are designed as a non-combustible alternative to cigarettes, aiming to deliver nicotine without the harmful byproducts of tobacco combustion. As the category evolves and new ENDS products emerge, it is important to continually assess the levels of toxicologically relevant chemicals in the aerosols and characterize any related toxicology. Herein, we present a proposed framework for characterizing novel ENDS products (i.

Photoactive Herbal Compounds: A Green Approach to Photodynamic Therapy.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive, alternative, and promising treatment for various diseases, including cancer, actinic keratosis, Bowen's disease, macular degeneration, and atherosclerotic plaques. PDT involves three different components, photosensitizers (PS), molecular oxygen, and light. The photoactivation of administered PSs using a specific wavelength of light in the presence of molecular oxygen leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species that leads to tumour cell death.

Relationship between wood fuel energy consumption and forest degradation at regional and sub-regional levels of sub-Saharan Africa: the role of control of corruption and government effectiveness.

This paper examines the effect of wood fuel energy consumption on forest degradation at regional and sub-regional levels of sub-Saharan Africa by taking into consideration the role of control of corruption and government effectiveness. To achieve the objective of the study, system generalized method of moments was used on a sample of 45 sub-Saharan African countries over the 2005-2013 period. The estimated results of the study revealed that wood fuel consumption impact positively on forest degradation at sub-Saharan Africa's level.

Metabolite profiling of (L.) H. Rob. and its herbal formulation by tandem mass spectroscopic analysis.

is a medicinal plant commonly known as little ironweed is used in various traditional systems of medicines. In , it is known as and is used as remedy for many ailments. It has been reported to possess numerous biological properties including diaphoretic, anthelmintic, diuretic, lithontriptic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities.

Can clean biomass energy use lower CO emissions in African economies? Empirical evidence from dynamic long-run panel framework.

This paper seeks to answer an empirical question of whether clean biomass energy consumption lowers CO emissions while controlling for technical innovation in eight selected countries from Africa for the 1980-2015 period. The countries which are chosen based on availability of data on biomass energy and technological innovation include Egypt, Algeria, South Africa, Mauritius, Kenya, Morocco, Tunisia, and Zambia. Applying pooled mean group, mean group, and dynamic fixed effect panel estimators, the results indicate that clean biomass energy use decreases CO emission in the long run.

Subchronic (90-day) toxicity assessment of Somacy-FP100, a lipopolysaccharide-containing fermented wheat flour extract from Pantoea agglomerans.

Pantoea agglomerans is a Gram-negative bacterium that is ubiquitous in the environment, colonizing animals, humans, and numerous plants, including cotton and wheat. A lipopolysaccharide-containing fermented wheat flour extract from P. agglomerans (Somacy-FP100) is proposed for use as a food ingredient for individuals seeking foods for healthy aging.

Safety assessment of glutaminase from .

Glutaminase (glutamine aminohydrolase EC 3.5.1.

Safety evaluation of arabinase (arabinan endo-1,5-α-L-arabinanase) from .

Arabinase is an enzyme recognized for its ability to degrade arabinan, a plant cell wall constituent. It has been applied in the food industry most commonly for juice processing. One commercial source of arabinase is (), a black  species.

Development and Validation of the Return and Disposal of Unused Medications Questionnaire (ReDiUM) in Malaysia.

The aim of our study was to develop and validate the return and disposal of unused medications (ReDiUM), as there are currently no validated tools available (worldwide) to assess this. The ReDiUM was developed by an expert panel. It was then administered to community-dwelling adults, who could understand English, at baseline and 2 weeks later.

Burnout syndrome among non-consultant hospital doctors in Ireland: relationship with self-reported patient care.

Objective: Intensive workload and limited training opportunities for Irish non-consultant hospital doctors (NCHDs) has a negative effect on their health and well-being, and can result in burnout. Burnout affects physician performance and can lead to medical errors. This study examined the prevalence of burnout syndrome among Irish NCHDs and its association with self-reported medical error and poor quality of patient care.

The relationship between CO emission, energy consumption and economic growth in Malaysia: a three-way linkage approach.

This study examines the three-way linkage relationships between CO emission, energy consumption and economic growth in Malaysia, covering the 1975-2015 period. An autoregressive distributed lag approach was employed to achieve the objective of the study and gauged by dynamic ordinary least squares. Additionally, vector error correction model, variance decompositions and impulse response functions were employed to further examine the relationship between the interest variables.

Effects of sharing information on drug administration errors in pediatric wards: a pre-post intervention study.

Background And Purpose: Drug administration errors are more likely to reach the patient than other medication errors. The main aim of this study was to determine whether the sharing of information on drug administration errors among health care providers would reduce such problems.

Patients And Methods: This study involved direct, undisguised observations of drug administrations in two pediatric wards of a major teaching hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Wood fuel consumption and mortality rates in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from a dynamic panel study.

This study examined the impact of wood fuel consumption on health outcomes, specifically under-five and adult mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa, where wood usage for cooking and heating is on the increase. Generalized method of moment (GMM) estimators were used to estimate the impact of wood fuel consumption on under-five and adult mortality (and also male and female mortality) in the region. The findings revealed that wood fuel consumption had significant positive impact on under-five and adult mortality.

LC/MS characterization of phenolic antioxidants of Brindle berry (Garcinia gummi-gutta (L.) Robson).

Characterisation of antioxidant fraction of the fruit of Garcinia gummi-gutta was done using liquid chromatography mass spectroscopic (LC/MS) analyses. Total poly phenolics and radical scavenging activity of various extracts such as acetone, methanol and hydroalcohol were estimated spectrophotometrically. The active extract was analysed by LC/MS in order to identify the molecular mass and tentative structures of major compounds.

Bioassay directed isolation and biological evaluation of compounds isolated from Rubus fairholmianus Gard.

The in vitro and in silico analysis of Rubus fairholmianus acetone extract for antioxidant, antiproliferative, and anti-inflammatory activity led to the isolation of six compounds. Amongst all the six isolated compounds tested, 1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methylpentan-1-one (compound 1) and 2-[(3-methylbutoxy) carbonyl] benzoic acid (compound 2) were found to be more active in inhibiting BRCA and COX target proteins, which also showed the better results for DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays. The promising results of this investigation emphasize the importance of using R.

Identification of phenolic antioxidants in Ipomoea mauritiana jacq. using spectrophotometric and mass spectroscopic studies.

Objective: Ipomoea mauritiana is used in both Ayurveda and folk medicine systems. The tuberous roots are known to be diuretic, depurative, carminative, and anthelmintic. The objective of the current study was to identify phenolic antioxidants from I .

Phenolic characterisation of selected Salacia species using LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis.

Phenolic characterisation was carried out on the leaf of three Salacia species such as Salacia chinensis, Salacia fruticosa and Salacia oblonga using liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry equipped with electrospray ionisation interface. The estimation of total phenolics was carried out spectrophotometrically using Folin-Ciocalteu method. HPLC diode-array detection has been used for the preliminary identification of phenolic compounds, and liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry analyses were employed for their characterisation.

Drug-related problems in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia: a cross sectional retrospective study.

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) patients are at risk of acquiring drug-related problems (DRPs), as it is present in the majority of aging men. To date, DRPs among BPH patients have not been well studied. We conducted this retrospective study in a tertiary hospital in Malaysia from January 2009 to June 2012 with the aim of identifying the factors associated with DRPs among BPH patients.

Total phenolics and total flavonoids in selected Indian medicinal plants.

Plant phenolics and flavonoids have a powerful biological activity, which outlines the necessity of their determination. The phenolics and flavonoids content of 20 medicinal plants were determined in the present investigation. The phenolic content was determined by using Folin-Ciocalteu assay.

Self-Construals and Social Anxiety Among Asian American College Students: Testing Emotion Suppression as a Mediator.

Although past studies have revealed ethnic and cultural variations in social anxiety, little research addresses why these variations might arise. The present study addressed this gap by examining emotion regulation as an explanatory mechanism that may account for such differences. Drawing from a culture-specific (Kitayama, Karasawa, & Mesquita, 2004), as well as process-based (Gross, 1998) model of emotion regulation, we hypothesized that emotion suppression would mediate associations between self-construals (interdependent and independent) and social anxiety symptoms.