Evaluation of Tear Film Osmolarity Among Diabetic Patients Using a TearLab Osmometer.

Purpose: The purpose of the present study is to determine the effects of type 2 diabetes mellitus on tear osmolarity using a TearLab Osmolarity system. Moreover, the relationship between tear film osmolarity and ocular surface discomfort in controlled and uncontrolled diabetic patients was assessed.

Materials And Methods: This study included 20 male type 2 diabetic patients aged 20 to 70 years (mean ± SD 49±12).

The Arabic translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of the pediatric voice-related quality of life survey.

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop an Arabic version of the pediatric voice-related quality of life (PVRQOL) and test its validity and reliability.

Subjects: and methods: Fifty-one children with voice problems were included in the study along with 60 control children without any voice disorders. The translated Arabic PVRQOL and the Arabic pediatric voice handicap index (PVHI) have been distributed to the study subjects.