Role of serum lactate to predict early clinical deterioration in hospitalized adult patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection: A retrospective study.

Background: Hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are at risk of further clinical deterioration and poor outcome. In this study, clinical risk factors of the requirement of mechanical ventilation within the first 24 h of hospital admission in coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia patients have been evaluated.

Methods: In this retrospective study, admission characteristics of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients and risk factors for requiring mechanical ventilation and death within 24 h of admission have been evaluated.

Oxygenation Index and Oxygen Saturation Index for Predicting Postoperative Outcome in Patients Undergoing Emergency Surgery: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: The OI was originally evaluated as a prognostic tool for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure in children and was an independent predictor for mortality in adult patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Methods: Oxygenation index and OSI of 201 adult patients undergoing emergency surgery were evaluated at different time points. The primary objective of this study was to find the correlation between OI and OSI.

Association between baseline insulin resistance and hospital mortality in moderate-to-severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients without diabetes mellitus: An observational study.

Background: Insulin resistance is often implicated as a risk factor of cell-mediated immune dysfunction in sepsis patients and results in poor clinical outcome. However, it is unclear whether early insulin resistance is contributory to T-cell dysfunction and poor clinical outcome in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients.

Methods: Adult patients with moderate-to-severe or critically ill COVID-19 infection were included in this study.

Postoperative pulmonary complications with high versus standard FiO in adult patients undergoing major abdominal surgery: A noninferiority trial.

Background: Despite the possible clinical benefit of high intraoperative oxygen therapy on surgical site infection, the effect on postoperative respiratory function is debatable. However, it remains yet to be elucidated whether hyperoxia due to a high fraction of inspired oxygen used in conjunction with lung protective ventilation can lead to increased incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications.

Methods: In this noninferiority randomized trial, an intraoperative high fraction of inspired oxygen of 0.

Effect of incremental PEEP titration on postoperative pulmonary complications in patients undergoing emergency laparotomy: a randomized controlled trial.

Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC) has a significant negative impact and are associated with increased length of hospital stay and cost of care. Emergency surgery is a well-established risk factor for PPC. Previous studies reported that personalized positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) might reduce postoperative atelectasis and postoperative pulmonary complications.

Malarial Antibodies and Endemicity: Does It Affect SARS-CoV-2 Severity and Outcomes?

Background India has a disproportionately lower rate of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severe disease and lower death rates with respect to other parts of the world. It has been proposed that malaria-endemic countries such as India are relatively protected against severe COVID-19 disease and deaths. Methods This was a cross-sectional, analytical, observational study conducted from August 2020 to July 2021 at a tertiary care COVID-19-designated center in New Delhi, India.

Subphenotypes of SARS-CoV-2-Associated ARDS Overlap Each Other: A Retrospective Analysis.

 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus-associated pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) were often associated with hyperinflammation and elevation of several serum inflammatory markers but usually less than what is observed in non-coronavirus disease (COVID) ARDS. Elevated inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein, interleukin (IL)-6, etc., are associated with severe infection.

Prediction of Delirium in the Critically Ill Obstetric Patients: An Old Friend to the Rescue?

Sinha S, Bhattacharjee S. Prediction of Delirium in the Critically Ill Obstetric Patients: An Old Friend to the Rescue? Indian J Crit Care Med 2023;27(5):301-302.

Chemical, physical, and biological stimuli-responsive nanogels for biomedical applications (mechanisms, concepts, and advancements): A review.

The development of nanotechnology has influenced the advancements in biomedical and pharmaceutical fields. The design and formulation of stimuli-responsive nano-drug delivery systems, also called smart drug delivery systems, have attracted significant research worldwide and have been seen as a breakthrough in nanomedicines. The ability of these nanocarriers to respond to external and internal stimuli, such as pH, temperature, redox, electric and magnetic fields, enzymes, etc.

A Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial to Assess the Analgesic Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Preemptive Caudal Morphine as an Adjunct to Bupivacaine for Lumbosacral Spine Surgeries in Adults.

Background The analgesic efficacy of preemptive administration of caudal morphine for spine surgeries in adults is not well studied. In a double-blinded, randomized controlled trial, safety and analgesic efficacy of preemptive, single-shot caudal morphine and bupivacaine was compared with caudal bupivacaine alone in lumbosacral spine surgeries. Methods After Institutional Ethics Committee approval, 40 patients aged 18-60 yrs planned for lumbosacral spine surgery were randomized to groups of 20 patients each.

Comparison of ultrasound guided dorsal radial artery cannulation and conventional radial artery cannulation at the volar aspect of wrist: A pilot randomized controlled trial.

Background: Distal radial artery cannulation at the "anatomical snuffbox" carries several theoretical advantages over conventional radial arterial cannulation at the wrist. However, these two techniques have not been evaluated in perioperative settings.

Methods: In this randomized controlled trial,  = 200 patients requiring arterial cannulation for perioperative monitoring were recruited.

Intraoperative lung protective ventilation in peritonitis patients undergoing emergency laparotomy: A randomised controlled trial.

Background And Aims: Lung protective ventilation (LPV) is recommended in acute respiratory distress syndrome. However, role of intraoperative LPV in elective laparotomy is controversial and it has not been evaluated in emergency laparotomy (EL). The aim of the study was to identify whether use of intraoperative LPV in EL in peritonitis patients reduces postoperative pulmonary complications (POPC).

Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of COVID- 19 patients requiring critical care in a Tertiary care teaching hospital.

Background And Aims: We describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics, and 28 day outcome of critically ill COVID-19 patients admitted to a tertiary care centre in India.

Material And Methods: We included 60 adult critically ill COVID-19 patients in this prospective observational study, admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) after obtaining ethics committee approval and informed consent. Demographics, clinical data, and treatment outcome at 28 days were assessed.

Clinicoepidemiological Features and Mortality Analysis of Deceased Patients with COVID-19 in a Tertiary Care Center.

Background And Objective: A large number of studies describing the clinicoepidemiological features of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients are available but very few studies have documented similar features of the deceased. This study was aimed to describe the clinicoepidemiological features and the causes of mortality of COVID-19 deceased patients admitted in a dedicated COVID center in India.

Methodology: This was a retrospective study done in adult deceased patients admitted in COVID ICU from April 4 to July 24, 2020.

Comparison of KingVision videolaryngoscope channelled blade with Tuoren videolaryngoscope non-channelled blade in a simulated COVID-19 intubation scenario by non-anaesthesiologists and experienced anaesthesiologists: A prospective randomised crossover mannequin study.

Purpose: A videolaryngoscope has been recommended for intubation in the COVID-19 scenario but the videolaryngoscope providing optimal intubation conditions is not ascertained. We compared KingVision channelled blade with a non-Channelled videolaryngoscope for intubation times in a simulated COVID-19 intubation scenario by both anaesthesiologists and non-anaesthesiologists.

Methods: This prospective randomised cross over mannequin study was conducted in a skill training lab.

Outcome of Conservative Therapy in Coronavirus disease-2019 Patients Presenting With Gastrointestinal Bleeding.

Background/objective: There is a paucity of data on the management of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding in patients with Coronavirus disease -2019 (COVID-19) amid concerns about the risk of transmission during endoscopic procedures. We aimed to study the outcomes of conservative treatment for GI bleeding in patients with COVID-19.

Methods: In this retrospective analysis, 24 of 1342 (1.

Comparison of colloid and crystalloid using goal-directed fluid therapy protocol in non-cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Purpose: A few randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have compared crystalloid-based goal-directed fluid therapy (GDFT) with starch-based GDFT in patients undergoing major surgical procedures with conflicting results. In this meta-analysis, colloid-based GDFT was compared with crystalloid-based GDFT.

Methods: In this meta-analysis, RCTs comparing colloid- and crystalloid-based GDFT in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery were included.

Correlation Between Doppler Derived Carotid Artery Corrected Flow Time and Pressure Transducer Derived Radial Artery Corrected Flow Time: A Prospective Observational Study.

Purpose: Carotid artery corrected flow time (cFT) derived from Doppler USG is a known predictor of volume responsiveness. However, it can't be obtained continuously, and is operator dependent. In this prospective study, correlation between Doppler derived carotid artery cFT and pressure transducer derived radial artery cFT was evaluated in adult patients undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia.