Robustness of FTIR-Based Ultrarapid COVID-19 Diagnosis Using PLS-DA.

The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the Omicron variant (B.1.1.

Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates from propylene oxide saponification wastewater residual sludge using volatile fatty acids and bacterial community succession.

The active sludge treating propylene oxide saponification wastewater has heavy salt concentration and is hard to treat. The integration of the residual sludge treatment with polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) production may provide an economic and environment friendly solution. PHA production was therefore studied in two sequencing biological reactors with effective volume of 30 L using the active sludge.

Sustainable and eco-friendly strategies for shrimp shell valorization.

Among the seafood used globally, shellfish consumption is in great demand. The utilization of these shellfish such as prawn/shrimp has opened a new market for the utilization of the shellfish wastes. Considering the trends on the production of wealth from wastes, shrimp shell wastes seem an important resource for the generation of high value products when processed on the principles of a biorefinery.

Tandem integration of aerobic fungal cellulase production, lignocellulose substrate saccharification and anaerobic ethanol fermentation by a modified gas lift bioreactor.

Cellulase production, lignocellulose saccharification and bioethanol fermentation were integrated to efficiently produce bioethanol. A modified gas lift bioreactor was developed for bioethanol production by the integrated process. Cellulase production was achieved using Aspergillus niger mycelia immobilized within the reactor in wire meshes, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells were immobilized in resin beads.

Lipase of Pseudomonas guariconesis as an additive in laundry detergents and transesterification biocatalysts.

A newly isolated culture, Pseudomonas guariconesis, is reported for the first time for lipase production. Various process parameters affecting enzyme production were optimized through statistical design experiments. The Plackett-Burman experimental design was used for screening 10 parameters for lipase production, which was further optimized using the central composite design of response surface methodology.

Detoxification of acidic biorefinery waste liquor for production of high value amino acid.

The current study evaluates the detoxification of acid pretreatment liquor (APL) using adsorbent (ADS 400 & ADS 800) or ion-exchange (A-27MP & A-72MP) resins and its potential for amino acid production. The APL is generated as a by-product from the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass and is rich monomeric sugars as well as sugar degradation products (fermentation inhibitors) such as furfural and hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF). Of the four resins compared, ADS 800 removed approximately 85% and 60% of furfural and HMF, respectively.

An evaluation of dilute acid and ammonia fiber explosion pretreatment for cellulosic ethanol production.

The challenge associated with cellulosic ethanol production is maximizing sugar yield at low cost. Current research is being focused to develop a pretreatment method to overcome biomass recalcitrance in an efficient way. This review is focused on two major pretreatments: dilute acid (DA) and ammonia fiber explosion (AFEX) pretreatment of corn stover and how these pretreatment cause morphological and chemical changes to corn stover in order to overcome the biomass recalcitrance.

Crude oil biodegradation aided by biosurfactants from Pseudozyma sp. NII 08165 or its culture broth.

The aim of this work was to evaluate the biosurfactants produced by the yeast Pseudozyma sp. NII 08165 for enhancing the degradation of crude oil by a model hydrocarbon degrading strain, Pseudomonas putida MTCC 1194. Pseudozyma biosurfactants were supplemented at various concentrations to the P.

Hydrolysis of biomass using a reusable solid carbon acid catalyst and fermentation of the catalytic hydrolysate to ethanol.

Solid acid catalysts can hydrolyze cellulose with lower reaction times and are easy to recover and reuse. A glycerol based carbon acid catalyst developed at CSIR-IICT performed well in acid catalysis reactions and hence this study was undertaken to evaluate the catalyst for hydrolysis of biomass (alkali pretreated or native rice straw). The catalyst could release 262 mg/g total reducing sugars (TRS) in 4h at 140 °C from alkali pretreated rice straw, and more importantly it released 147 mg/g TRS from native biomass.

Prediction of sugar yields during hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass using artificial neural network modeling.

The present investigation was carried out to study application of ANN as a tool for predicting sugar yields of pretreated biomass during hydrolysis process at various time intervals. Since it is known that biomass loading and particle size influences the rheology and mass transfer during hydrolysis process, these two parameters were chosen for investigating the efficiency of hydrolysis. Alkali pretreated rice straw was used as the model feedstock in this study and biomass loadings were varied from 10% to 18%.

Evaluation of polymeric adsorbent resins for efficient detoxification of liquor generated during acid pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass.

Production of fuel ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass conventionally includes biomass pretreatment, hydrolysis, and fermentation. The liquor generated during dilute acid pretreatment of biomass contains considerable quantities of pentose sugars as well as various degradation products of sugars and lignin, like furfural, hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF), organic acids, aldehydes and others, which are known to be inhibitory for microbial growth. This pentose rich liquor is a potent resource which can be used to produce alcohol or other value added metabolites by microbial fermentation.

Highly glucose tolerant β-glucosidase from Aspergillus unguis: NII 08123 for enhanced hydrolysis of biomass.

Aspergillus unguis NII-08123, a filamentous fungus isolated from soil, was found to produce β-glucosidase (BGL) activity with high glucose tolerance. Cultivation of the fungus in different carbon sources resulted in the secretion of different isoforms of the enzyme. A low molecular weight isoform, which retained ~60 % activity in the presence of 1.

Biobutanol production from rice straw by a non acetone producing Clostridium sporogenes BE01.

Biobutanol from lignocellulosic biomass has gained much attention due to several advantages over bioethanol. Though microbial production of butanol through ABE fermentation is an established technology, the use of lignocellulosic biomass as feedstock presents several challenges. In the present study, biobutanol production from enzymatic hydrolysate of acid pretreated rice straw was evaluated using Clostridium sporogenes BE01.

An evaluation of chemical pretreatment methods for improving enzymatic saccharification of chili postharvest residue.

Residue of chili plants left in the field after harvesting is a major lignocellulosic resource that is underexploited. India has over 0.6 million tons of this residue available as surplus annually which projects it as a potent feedstock for conversion to bioethanol.

Energy requirement for alkali assisted microwave and high pressure reactor pretreatments of cotton plant residue and its hydrolysis for fermentable sugar production for biofuel application.

In the present work, alkali assisted microwave pretreatment (AAMP) of cotton plant residue (CPR) with high pressure reactor pretreatment was compared. Further, modeling of AAMP was attempted. AAMP, followed by enzymatic saccharification was evaluated and the critical parameters were identified to be exposure time, particle size and enzyme loading.

Surfactant-assisted acid pretreatment of sugarcane tops for bioethanol production.

Sugarcane tops is one of the largest biomass resources in India and in tropical countries such as Brazil in terms of surplus availability. Conversion of this feedstock to ethanol requires pretreatment to make it more accessible for the enzymes used in saccharification. Though several pretreatment regimens have been developed for addressing biomass recalcitrance, very few seem to be promising as an industrial process.

Formic acid as a potential pretreatment agent for the conversion of sugarcane bagasse to bioethanol.

In recent years, growing attention has been focused on the use of lignocellulosic biomass as a feedstock for the production of ethanol, a possible renewable alternative to fossil fuels. Several pretreatment processes have been developed for decreasing the biomass recalcitrance, but only a few of them seem to be promising. In this study, effect of various organic solvents and organic acids on the pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse was studied.

Utilization of rice straw for laccase production by Streptomyces psammoticus in solid-state fermentation.

Laccase production from a novel actinobacterial strain, Streptomyces psammoticus, MTCC 7334 was optimized in solid-state fermentation. The process parameters were initially optimized by the conventional "one factor at a time" approach, and the optimal levels of the factors that had considerable influence on enzyme production were identified by response surface methodology. Rice straw was identified as a suitable substrate for laccase production (17.

Continuous production of extracellular L-glutaminase by Ca-alginate-immobilized marine Beauveria bassiana BTMF S-10 in packed-bed reactor.

L-Glutamine amidohydrolase (L-glutaminase, EC 3.5.1.