Dental Caries, Body Mass Index, and Socioeconomic Status among Preschoolers in Private Preschools and Anganwadi Centers in Bengaluru City: A Comparative Study.

Aim: Preschool is the time when deleterious oral habits, caries pattern, and risk factor are established and is the time to intervene and establish healthy trends which can have a lifelong influence. Individuals living in various socioeconomic conditions have an assortment of hazard factors that impact oral well-being. This work was conducted to study the prevalence of dental caries, body mass index (BMI), and socioeconomic status (SES) among preschoolers in private preschools and Anganwadi centers within Bengaluru.

Fiber-Reinforced-Phospholipid Vehicle-Based Delivery of l-Ascorbic Acid: Development, Characterization, ADMET Profiling, and Efficacy by a Randomized, Single-Dose, Crossover Oral Bioavailability Study.

l-ascorbic acid (AA) or vitamin C is a crucial nutrient needed for optimal health. However, being unable to be synthesized by the body, it is thus necessary to be included in health care products. Moreover, AA is one of the antioxidants that occur naturally, which is used in pharmaceutical and food products as an antioxidant additive.

A Mobile- and Web-Based Health Intervention Program for Diabetes and Prediabetes Self-Management (BetaMe/Melon): Process Evaluation Following a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Technology-assisted self-management programs are increasingly recommended to patients with long-term conditions such as diabetes. However, there are a number of personal and external factors that affect patients' abilities to engage with and effectively utilize such programs. A randomized controlled trial of a multi-modal online program for diabetes self-management (BetaMe/Melon) was conducted in a primary care setting, and a process evaluation was completed at the end of the study period.

Neuropharmacological and cognitive effects of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst - A review on its mechanistic aspects.

Bacopa monnieri (L.) - (BM) is a perennial, creeping herb which is widely used in traditional ayurvedic medicine as a neural tonic to improve intelligence and memory. Research into the biological effects of this plant has burgeoned in recent years, promising its neuroprotective and memory boosting ability among others.

Increased chemical weathering during the deglacial to mid-Holocene summer monsoon intensification.

Chemical weathering and the ensuing atmospheric carbon dioxide consumption has long been considered to work on geological time periods until recently when some modelling and natural records have shown that the weathering-related CO consumption can change at century to glacial-interglacial time scale. Last glacial to interglacial transition period is a best test case to understand the interplay between Pco-temperature-chemical weathering when a pulse of rapid chemical weathering was initiated. Here we show, from a high resolution 54 ka record from the Andaman Sea in the northern Indian Ocean, that the chemical weathering responds to deglacial to mid-Holocene summer monsoon intensification in the Myanmar watersheds.

General unknown screening, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of Dendrobium macrostachyum Lindl.

Context: D. macrostachyum is an epiphytic orchid abundant in Southern India and is reported for pain relief in folklore.

Aims: The objective of the present study was to determine in vitro free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory activity of D.

Effect of Euphorbia hirta plant leaf extract on immunostimulant response of Aeromonas hydrophila infected Cyprinus carpio.

The main objective of the present study is to improve the immune power of Cyprinus carpio by using Euphorbia hirta plant leaf extract as immunostimulants. The haematological, immunological and enzymatic studies were conducted on the medicated fish infected with Aeromonas hydrophila pathogen. The results obtained from the haematological studies show that the RBC count, WBC count and haemoglobin content were increased in the infected fish at higher concentration of leaf extract.

Vaccine adjuvants - Current status and prospects on controlled release adjuvancity.

The strategy of World Health Organization is to develop efficient and inexpensive vaccine against various infectious diseases amongst children's population. Vaccination is considered as the most cost effective health intervention known to public. Since 90 years various substances have been added in vaccine formulation but still alum is considered as the safest adjuvant for human use licensed by United States Food and Drug Administration.

Specific and nonspecific immunostimulation study of Euphorbia hirta on Pseudomonas fluorescens-infected Cyprinus carpio.

Context: Infectious diseases are one of the major factors affecting the production of fish worldwide. The pathogens (especially bacteria) affect the immune system of fish and the administration of immunostimulants can increase resistance to infectious diseases by enhancing both specific and nonspecific defense mechanisms.

Objective: In the present study, we have conducted an experiment on the pathogen-infected Cyprinus carpio Linn.

Comparison of outcomes from smoking and nonsmoking donors: thirteen-year experience.

Background: Lung transplantation remains the best treatment option for a variety of end-stage lung diseases. Pressure on the limited donor pool has led to the use of extended criteria donors. One aspect of this has been the liberalization of the use of smoking donors (SmD).

Immunomodulatory effect of Aegle marmelos leaf extract on freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio infected by bacterial pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila.

Context: Aquatic organisms (especially fish) require potent defense mechanisms to protect themselves against pathogen invasion and disease formation. The use of immunostimulants in fish culture can prevent the diseases through augmentation of both specific and non-specific immunity.

Objective: A study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of different dietary doses of Aegle marmelos (Linn.

Immunopotentiation of hepatitis B vaccine using biodegradable polymers as an adjuvant.

Background/purpose: The purpose of this research was to develop an alternative adjuvant for hepatitis B vaccine (HBsAg) that elicits a long-lasting immune response after a single administration. In this study, the suitability of Poly (D, L)-lactide-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), Poly lactic acid (PLA) and Chitosan polymers as adjuvants for HBsAg were investigated.

Methods: We used solvent evaporation and emulsion cross-linking techniques to encapsulate HBsAg into the different polymeric systems.

Immunomodulatory activity of Aegle marmelos in freshwater fish (Catla catla) by non-specific protection.

Context: The production of fish is limited by infectious diseases; when a fish grows in an immunosuppressed condition, it becomes highly susceptible to disease.

Objective: The present research work investigates immunomodulatory action of Aegle marmelos (Linn.) Corr.

Optimization of artificial fertilization in the stinging catfish Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch).

Determination of optimum sperm requirement in artificial breeding helps to improve the fertilization efficiency, sperm economy and minimize the sacrificing of males for milt. Quantification of sperm cells was done by spectrophotometer at 420 nm followed by haemocytometer counting. Best correlation (r2 = 0.

Immune Augmentation of Single Contact Hepatitis B Vaccine by Using PLGA Microspheres as an Adjuvant.

The present study was aimed to replace the alum type adjuvant for hepatitis B vaccine. The hepatitis B vaccine was encapsulated in poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres by solvent evaporation technique. The formulated microspheres were characterized in terms of morphology, particle size analysis, in vitro release study and in vivo immune response in male Wistar rats.

Freezing injury in potato leaves.

Time-temperature profiles of freezing leaves from frost-resistant (Solanum acaule Bitt.) and frost-susceptible (Solanum tuberosum L. subsp.