Microplastics as Contaminants in Water Bodies and Their Threat to the Aquatic Animals: A Mini-Review.

Microplastics (MPs), which are particles with a diameter of less than 5 mm, have been extensively studied due to their serious global pollution. Typically, MPs in water originate from terrestrial input. A number of studies have reported the presence of MPs as a stressor in water environments worldwide, and their potential threat to the aquatic animals, affecting the growth, oxidative stress responses, body composition, histopathology, intestinal flora, and immune and reproduction systems.

Early feeding with hyperglucidic diet during fry stage exerts long-term positive effects on nutrient metabolism and growth performance in adult tilapia ().

The present study aimed to investigate nutritional programming of carbohydrate metabolism in Nile tilapia. Early nutritional intervention stimulus was achieved by feeding fry with high-protein/low-carbohydrate (HP/LC) or low-protein/high-carbohydrate (LP/HC) diet since first feeding for 4 weeks, and the effect of nutritional stimulus on carbohydrate and its related metabolism was evaluated through the adult stage. Our findings indicated that at week 1, LP/HC diet-fed fry had lower levels of mRNA for genes coding gluconeogenesis and amino acid catabolism and higher levels of 2 ( < 0⋅05).

Effects of Different Dietary Vegetable Lipid Sources on Health Status in Nile Tilapia (): Haematological Indices, Immune Response Parameters and Plasma Proteome.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of DLs, including palm oil (PO; an SFAs), linseed oil (LO; n-3 PUFAs) and soybean oil (SBO; n-6 PUFAs) on the health status of Nile tilapia () during adulthood. Three experimental diets incorporating PO, LO or SBO were fed to adult Nile tilapia for a period of 90 days, and haematological and innate immune parameters were evaluated. Proteome analysis was also conducted to evaluate the effects of DLs on plasma proteins.

Glucose Injection Into Yolk Positively Modulates Intermediary Metabolism and Growth Performance in Juvenile Nile Tilapia ().

The aim of this study was to explore for the first time in omnivorous fish the concept of nutritional programming. A nutritional stimulus was accomplished by microinjecting 2 M glucose into yolk reserves during the alevin stage in Nile tilapia (). At the molecular level in fry, at 1 week post-injection, glucose stimuli were associated with the up-regulation of genes involved in glycolysis (, , , and ), glucose transport () pathways and down-regulation of genes related to gluconeogenesis (, , and ) and amino acid catabolism (, ) ( < 0.