Novel biomarkers of mitochondrial dysfunction in Long COVID patients.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can lead to severe acute respiratory syndrome, and while most individuals recover within weeks, approximately 30-40% experience persistent symptoms collectively known as Long COVID, post-COVID-19 syndrome, or post-acute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (PASC). These enduring symptoms, including fatigue, respiratory difficulties, body pain, short-term memory loss, concentration issues, and sleep disturbances, can persist for months. According to recent studies, SARS-CoV-2 infection causes prolonged disruptions in mitochondrial function, significantly altering cellular energy metabolism.

miR-21, miR-29a, and miR-106b: serum and tissue biomarkers with diagnostic potential in metastatic testicular cancer.

The imperative need for sensitive and precise tools is underscored in cancer diagnostics, with biomarkers playing a pivotal role in facilitating early detection and tumor diagnosis. Despite their classical pathological classification, testicular tumors lack valuable markers, emphasizing the necessity to identify and apply serum tumor markers in clinical management. Unfortunately, existing biomarkers exhibit limited sensitivities and specificities.

[The pathological processing of prostate biopsy and resection specimens].

Prostate cancer stands as the most prevalent malignant tumor among men; with its incidence increasing with advancing age. The spectrum of patient care options for this disease is broad, encompassing approaches such as "active surveillance," definitive radiation therapy, robot-assisted surgery, among others. These diverse modalities afford opportunities for cure or successful management in the majority of cases.

LINE-1 ORF1p is a Promising Biomarker in Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Degree Assessment.

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) represents a spectrum of preinvasive squamous lesions within the cervical epithelium, whose identification is a diagnostic challenge due to subtle histomorphological differences among its categories. This study explores ORF1p, a nucleic acid-binding protein derived from long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1), as a potential biomarker for enhancing CIN diagnosis. A comprehensive analysis of 143 cervical specimens, encompassing CIN I (n=20), CIN II (n=46), CIN III (n=14), invasive cancer (n=32), and nondysplastic cases (normal cervical epithelia (n=24) and atrophy (n=7) were conducted.

Complex treatment of residual metastatic germ cell cancer: A single center experience.

Background: Testicular cancer is the most common solid malignancy among men aged 15-35. Radical orchiectomy and platinum-based chemotherapy (BEP) are curative in the majority of patients, including advanced, metastatic cases. According to current urooncology guidelines all non-seminoma patients harbouring post-chemotherapy residual masses of ≥ 1 cm should undergo salvage retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND).

First Results on the Presence of Mycotoxins in the Liver of Pregnant Fallow Deer () Hinds and Fetuses.

Reproductive abnormalities have been observed in fallow deer populations in Hungary. We supposed mycotoxin contamination to be one of the possible causes because multi-mycotoxin contamination is known to be dangerous even at low toxin levels, especially for young animals. We investigated the spatial pattern of mycotoxin occurrences and the relationship between maternal and fetal mycotoxin levels.

Routine molecular applications and recent advances in breast cancer diagnostics.

Cancer stands as one of the most common and lethal diseases, imposing a substantial burden on global mortality rates. Breast cancer is distinct from other forms of cancer in which it is the primary cause of death for women. Early detection of breast cancer can significantly lower the risk of mortality, improving the prognosis for those who are affected.

Correlation between fibroblast growth factor receptor mutation, programmed death ligand-1 expression and survival in urinary bladder cancer based on real-world data.

Programmed cell death (PD)-1/PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors have made a breakthrough in the therapy of advanced urothelial bladder cancer (UBC). The impact of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 (FGFR3) mutation on the effectiveness of PD-L1 treatment remains still unclear. Objective: Our study aimed to investigate the frequency of FGFR mutations at different tumor stages, and their relation to PD-L1 status and survival.

Prolonged activity of the transposase helper may raise safety concerns during DNA transposon-based gene therapy.

DNA transposon-based gene delivery vectors represent a promising new branch of randomly integrating vector development for gene therapy. For the side-by-side evaluation of the c and systems-the only DNA transposons currently employed in clinical trials-during therapeutic intervention, we treated the mouse model of tyrosinemia type I with liver-targeted gene delivery using both transposon vectors. For genome-wide mapping of transposon insertion sites we developed a new next-generation sequencing procedure called streptavidin-based enrichment sequencing, which allowed us to identify approximately one million integration sites for both systems.

Fisheye transformation enhances deep-learning-based single-cell phenotyping by including cellular microenvironment.

Incorporating information about the surroundings can have a significant impact on successfully determining the class of an object. This is of particular interest when determining the phenotypes of cells, for example, in the context of high-throughput screens. We hypothesized that an ideal approach would consider the fully featured view of the cell of interest, include its neighboring microenvironment, and give lesser weight to cells that are far from the cell of interest.

BC-miR: Monitoring Breast Cancer-Related miRNA Profile in Blood Sera-A Prosperous Approach for Tumor Detection.

Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer with a high fatality rate amongst women worldwide. Diagnosing at an early stage is challenging, and due to the limitations of the currently used techniques, including mammography and imaging diagnostics, it still remains unascertained. Serum biomarkers can be a solution for this as they can be isolated in a less painful, more cost-effective, and minimally invasive manner.

Novel Diagnostic Value of Driver Gene Transcription Signatures to Characterise Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma, ccRCC.

Routine molecular tumour diagnostics are augmented by DNA-based qualitative and quantitative molecular techniques detecting mutations of DNA. However, in the past decade, it has been unravelled that the phenotype of cancer, as it's an extremely complex disease, cannot be fully described and explained by single or multiple genetic variants affecting only the coding regions of the genes. Moreover, studying the manifestation of these somatic mutations and the altered transcription programming-driven by genomic rearrangements, dysregulation of DNA methylation and epigenetic landscape-standing behind the tumorigenesis and detecting these changes could provide a more detailed characterisation of the tumour phenotype.

The clinical significance of epigenetic and RNAPII variabilities occurring in clear cell renal cell carcinoma as a potential prognostic marker.

Patients diagnosed with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) have poor prognosis for recurrence and approximately 30-40% of them will later develop metastases. For this reason, the appropriate diagnosis and the more detailed molecular characterisation of the primary tumour, including its susceptibility to metastasis, are crucial to select the proper adjuvant therapy by which the most prosperous outcome can be achieved. Nowadays, clinicopathological variables are used for classification of the tumours.

A versatile transposon-based technology to generate loss- and gain-of-function phenotypes in the mouse liver.

Background: Understanding the contribution of gene function in distinct organ systems to the pathogenesis of human diseases in biomedical research requires modifying gene expression through the generation of gain- and loss-of-function phenotypes in model organisms, for instance, the mouse. However, methods to modify both germline and somatic genomes have important limitations that prevent easy, strong, and stable expression of transgenes. For instance, while the liver is remarkably easy to target, nucleic acids introduced to modify the genome of hepatocytes are rapidly lost, or the transgene expression they mediate becomes inhibited due to the action of effector pathways for the elimination of exogenous DNA.

[Pathology of tumors of the urinary bladder, aspects and expectations of the histological report (TUR, cystectomy)].

Urothelial tumors are among the most frequently occurring malignancies. The patients' clinical outcome can be diverse after recognition of the presence of the tumor. The result of the histology report (grade, histologic subtype, stage) makes remarkable impact on treatment strategies.

Multifocal Urinary Tract Metastasis of Colorectal Carcinoma.

Introduction: Secondary urinary tract tumors are uncommon findings and mainly evolve by direct invasion from adjacent organs. Actual metastatic involvement often develops in the urinary bladder, while the upper urinary tract is infrequently affected. In addition, the lungs, breast, and prostate gland are the usual primary sites.

BC-Monitor: Towards a Routinely Accessible Circulating Tumor DNA-Based Tool for Real-Time Monitoring Breast Cancer Progression and Treatment Effectiveness.

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is increasingly employed in the screening, follow-up, and monitoring of the continuously evolving tumor; however, most ctDNA assays validated for clinical use cannot maintain the right balance between sensitivity, coverage, sample requirements, time, and cost. Here, we report our BC-monitor, a simple, well-balanced ctDNA diagnostic approach using a gene panel significant in breast cancer and an optimized multiplex PCR-based NGS protocol capable of identifying allele variant frequencies below 1% in cell-free plasma DNA. We monitored a cohort of 45 breast cancer patients prospectively enrolled into our study receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy or endocrine therapy or palliative therapy for metastatic diseases.

The Combination of Single-Cell and Next-Generation Sequencing Can Reveal Mosaicism for Mutations and the Fine Molecular Details of Tumorigenesis.

Germline mutations in the and genes are responsible for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome. Germline and somatic mutations may define therapeutic targets and refine cancer treatment options. However, routine BRCA diagnostic approaches cannot reveal the exact time and origin of mutation formation, and thus, the fine details of their contribution to tumor progression remain less clear.

Efficient treatment of a preclinical inflammatory bowel disease model with engineered bacteria.

We developed an orally administered, engineered, bacterium-based, RNA interference-mediated therapeutic method to significantly reduce the symptoms in the most frequently used animal model of inflammatory bowel disease. This bacterium-mediated RNA interference strategy was based on the genomically stable, non-pathogenic MDS42 strain, which was engineered to constitutively produce invasin and the listeriolysin O cytolysin. These proteins enabled the bacteria first to invade the colon epithelium and then degrade in the phagosome.

ERG expression can predict the outcome of docetaxel combinedwith androgen deprivation therapy in metastatic hormone-sensitiveprostate cancer.

Background: Our study aimed to analyze the potential association between clinical parameters and ERG expression and the outcome of docetaxel chemotherapy among patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer.

Patients And Methods: Fifty-five patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer were treated with docetaxel in addition to androgen deprivation therapy. Patient characteristics, clinical factors, and tumor expression of ERG by immunohistochemistry were analyzed with respect to therapeutic response and survival data.

[Edifications and modern strategies of localized prostate cancers' definitive therapy].

Introduction: Mortality of prostate carcinoma can be significantly decreased by the use of modern diagnostic and therapeutic options. Patients in early stages can be cured by radical surgery or radiotherapy.

Aim: Overview and comparison of previous and present diagnostic and therapeutic methods regarding accuracy of diagnosis, improvement of efficiency and decrease of toxicities.

Environmental properties of cells improve machine learning-based phenotype recognition accuracy.

To answer major questions of cell biology, it is often essential to understand the complex phenotypic composition of cellular systems precisely. Modern automated microscopes produce vast amounts of images routinely, making manual analysis nearly impossible. Due to their efficiency, machine learning-based analysis software have become essential tools to perform single-cell-level phenotypic analysis of large imaging datasets.

Loss of CDX2 gene expression is associated with DNA repair proteins and is a crucial member of the Wnt signaling pathway in liver metastasis of colorectal cancer.

Caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX2) has been well-established as a diagnostic marker for colorectal cancer (CRC); however, less is known about its regulation, particularly its potential interactions with the DNA repair proteins, adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and β-catenin, in a non-transcriptional manner. In the present study, the protein expression of CDX2 was analyzed, depending on the expression of the DNA repair proteins, mismatch repair (MMR), O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) and excision repair cross-complementing 1 (ERCC1), and its importance in Wnt signaling was also determined. A total of 101 liver metastases were punched into tissue microarray (TMA) blocks and serial sections were cut for immunohistochemistry.