Am J Trop Med Hyg
October 2024
Atypical presentations of filariasis have posed diagnostic challenges due to the complexity of identifying the causative species and the difficulties in both diagnosis and treatment. In this study, we present the integrative histological and molecular analysis of seven atypical filariasis cases observed in regions of nonendemicity of Thailand. All filariasis cases were initially diagnosed based on histological findings.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction And Importance: The simultaneous occurrence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and choroidal melanoma is extremely rare, and diagnosis of choroidal melanoma in RRD patients is challenging. As a result, choroidal masses in RRD patients tend to be overlooked, resulting in delayed treatment. The authors report a rare case presenting with simultaneous choroidal melanoma and RRD, and the authors review the related literature.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: To describe a new surgical technique that uses a relay suture to optimize sutureless scleral fixation of intraocular lens in eyes with capsular insufficiency and to evaluate the outcomes of this technique versus Flanged, double needle-guided, scleral fixation of intraocular lens with haptic trimming (modified Yamane approach).
Methods: Relay intrascleral 6-0 polypropylene sutures with flanges generated at the intraocular ends were used to fixate and securely hold a rigid intraocular lens with haptic eyelets against the inner scleral wall. The results were analyzed at 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up.
Retin Cases Brief Rep
March 2023
Purpose: To report the development of a novel, simple-to-use technique for the salvage of a haptic of dislocated flanged intraocular lens during a retinal detachment surgery.
Methods: A 25-gauge regular-wall needle was prepared and threaded by the dislocated flanged haptic before the flanged haptic was heated and enlarged by low-temperature cautery.
Results: The dislocated flanged haptic was probably the result of too small of a diameter of the previously flanged haptic and was triggered by scleral indentation.
We compared the performance of deep learning (DL) in the classification of optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of macular diseases between automated classification alone and in combination with automated segmentation. OCT images were collected from patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, diabetic macular edema, retinal vein occlusion, cystoid macular edema in Irvine-Gass syndrome, and other macular diseases, along with the normal fellow eyes. A total of 14,327 OCT images were used to train DL models.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction And Importance: In an immunocompromised patient, there has never been a report of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and co-infection. Treatment with intravenous ganciclovir for EBV-associated uveitis has only been explored in a few cases.
Case Presentation: A 47-year-old HIV-positive female presented with scleral nodule and vascularized iris tumor in the left eye.
Purpose: To identify prognostic factors for poor visual outcomes in patients with isolated retinal vasculitis and to elucidate the outcome of immunosuppressive treatment without the use of antituberculosis drugs for patients with retinal vasculitis associated with a positive QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT) test.
Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed of patients presenting with retinal vasculitis. After the diagnosis of active retinal vasculitis had been confirmed by fluorescein angiography and other possible causes of retinal vasculitis had been excluded, patients were categorized into two groups by their QFT result.
Purpose: Patients with hypercortisolism have been associated with a higher prevalence of the pachychoroid spectrum including central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR), which may explain the inconsistency of therapeutic responses of the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist because hyperaldosteronism has rarely been detected in patients with CSCR. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of ketoconazole, the first-line cortisol inhibitor, on the resolution of subretinal fluid (SRF) in CSCR and to analyze correlations between choroidal thickness and steroid hormones.
Patients And Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 41 naïve CSCR eyes of 41 patients categorized into control (20 eyes) and treatment (21 eyes) groups.
Purpose: To determine the sensitivity and specificity of syphilis antibody tests in vitreous samples and to propose an algorithm using vitreous syphilis antibody as a supplementary test to confirm syphilitic uveitis (SU).
Methods: A prospective case-control study was conducted at the Retina and Uveitis Clinic from May 2017 to January 2020. Initially, patients were classified based on syphilis serology into group 1 (positive testing) and group 2 (negative testing).
Background: There are still many research challenges and unanswered questions in relation to Epstein-Barr virus-associated uveitis. These include the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA in asymptomatic patients, its pathogenicity in the uveitis eye, and the role of antiviral therapy for EBV-associated intraocular inflammation.
Methods: This was a retrospective review of prospectively collected data from the Ophthalmology Department, Rajavithi Hospital between 2015 and 2020.
Objective: The incidence, risk factors, and time to diagnosis of rheumatologic disease (RD) in patients with isolated inflammatory eye diseases (IED) were investigated.
Material And Methods: A 12-year bidirectional cohort study was conducted in IED patients who were tested for antinuclear antibody (ANA) and rheumatoid factor (RF). Patients with prior RD were excluded.
The focus of capacity building for screening and treatment of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is on health professionals who are nonophthalmologists. Both physicians and nonphysicians are recruited for screening DR. Although there is no standardization of the course syllabus for the capacity building, it is generally accepted to keep their sensitivity >80%, specificity >95%, and clinical failure rate <5% for the nonophthalmologists, if possible.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: To describe the incidence, clinical characteristics, and treatment outcomes of endophthalmitis after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with recycled single-use devices. The recommended sterilization process as well as safety measures are discussed.
Methods: Medical charts of patients who developed endophthalmitis after PPV were retrospectively reviewed and reported in a descriptive manner.
Aim: To demonstrate prognostic factors for poor visual outcome in patients with post-traumatic endophthalmitis (PTE) following open globe injury.
Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 66 patients (66 eyes) with PTE following open globe injury from 2005 to 2015. Potential factors accounting for good and poor visual outcome were statistically analyzed by Chi-square test and Logistic regression model.
: To demonstrate changes in three-dimensional choroidal volume with enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) in patients with recurrent stage of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKH).: This prospective comparative case series included 9 patients with recurrent VKH, 10 patients with quiet VKH, and 15 healthy controls after sample size was calculated. All VKH cases with recurrences underwent raster scanning with EDI-OCT at active and inactive stages of the disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: To report a sutureless and equipment-free technique for contact lens wide-angle viewing system during vitreoretinal surgery.
Methods: A step-by-step procedure and a surgical video using this technique were proposed.
Results: This technique needs only three-finger control of contact lens either by the left hand (for the right-handed surgeon) or right hand (for the left-handed surgeon).
Center-involved diabetic macular edema (ci-DME) is a major cause of vision loss. Although the gold standard for diagnosis involves 3D imaging, 2D imaging by fundus photography is usually used in screening settings, resulting in high false-positive and false-negative calls. To address this, we train a deep learning model to predict ci-DME from fundus photographs, with an ROC-AUC of 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDeep learning algorithms have been used to detect diabetic retinopathy (DR) with specialist-level accuracy. This study aims to validate one such algorithm on a large-scale clinical population, and compare the algorithm performance with that of human graders. A total of 25,326 gradable retinal images of patients with diabetes from the community-based, nationwide screening program of DR in Thailand were analyzed for DR severity and referable diabetic macular edema (DME).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAim: To identify risk factors associated with post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis (PCE) in type 2 diabetic patients.
Methods: A hospital-based retrospective case-control study was conducted on 194 type 2 diabetic patients undergoing cataract surgery in Rajavithi Hospital from January 2007 to December 2015. Fifteen patients with PCE were included as the case group and 179 patients without PCE were included as the control group.
Purpose: Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease is a primary autoimmune granulomatous choroiditis that begins in the choroidal stroma. The aim of this review was to gather a body of evidence for the concept of a window of therapeutic opportunity, defined as a time interval following initial-onset disease during which adequate treatment will substantially modify the disease outcome and possibly even lead to cure, similar to what has been described for rheumatoid arthritis.
Methods: We reviewed the literature and consulted leading experts in VKH disease to determine the consensus for the notion of a therapeutic window of opportunity in VKH disease.
Purpose: To report the novel application of nontreponemal and treponemal antibody to confirm diagnosis of ocular syphilis from vitreous samples.
Methods: Two distinct case reports emphasizing the importance of confirmatory vitreous treponemal antibody. Multimodal imaging of patients was also applied.
Purpose: To report the characteristics of infection and prognostic factors of endogenous endophthalmitis (EE) over an 11-year period.
Methods: The clinical records of 41 eyes of 36 patients diagnosed with culture-proven EE at the Rajavithi Hospital were retrospectively reviewed.
Results: Median age at presentation was 58 years.
Purpose: To describe a case of bilateral endogenous cryptococcal endophthalmitis in an immunocompetent host and to review adjunctive ophthalmic imaging patterns and treatment.
Methods: A retrospective case report.
Results: A 45-year-old female patient with two distinct presentations of endogenous cryptococcal endophthalmitis in each eye presented initially with progressive blurred vision in the left eye, beginning more than 10 years after a craniotomy with ventriculoperitoneal shunt.
Purpose: To examine the efficacy and safety of Ruthenium-106 plaque radiotherapy in the treatment of circumscribed choroidal hemangioma.
Methods: Twenty-one eyes of 21 patients diagnosed with symptomatic circumscribed choroidal hemangioma who underwent Ruthenium-106 plaque radiotherapy were included in the study. Clinical response, ancillary tests finding improvement, and major side effects were evaluated.