Social support and postpartum adherence to HIV treatment: a community-based participatory research study in Russia.

Background: There are over 1 million people living with HIV in Russia, and less than half of them are on antiretroviral treatment (ART). Earlier in the epidemic, Russia was successful in implementing prevention of mother-to-child transmission programmes; however, there is a gap in knowledge about postpartum adherence to ART among women living with HIV (WLHIV). The objective of our research study was to identify which factors are associated with postpartum engagement in HIV care and treatment in Russia.

[Analysis of factors determining the biological availability of 137Cs in forest ecosystem soils].

On five forest plots varying in species composition of woody plants and soil properties, 137Cs accumulation by vegetation of the forest understorey has been studied. Differences in 137Cs availability for root uptake are shown to be dependent on a vertical distribution of 137Cs content over the soil profile, percentage of exchangeable 137Cs and distribution of plant root systems (fungous mycelium) in soil. A 137Cs-bioavailability index is suggested and its non-linear relationship with 137Cs transfer factors to different plant species in the understorey is shown.

[Comparative evaluation of biological availability of 137Cs in soil of various types of forest ecosystems].

On five forests plots varying in species composition of woody plants and soil properties, 137Cs vertical distribution and 137Cs forms occurring in different horizons of forest soils have been studied. It was found that bulk 137Cs and contents of physico-chemical forms of this radionuclide in different horizons of forest soils vary considerably within both plots with different characteristics and individual horizons. The reported regularities can explain observed differences in 137Cs distribution in forest ecosystems of various types.

Increase in extracellular glutatione peroxidase in plasma and lungs of mice exposed to hyperoxia.

Extracellular glutathione peroxidase (E-GPx) is a selenium-dependent enzyme that can reduce hydrogen peroxide and phospholipid hydroperoxides. E-GPx is found in plasma and extracellular fluids such as bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Because lung is one of the tissues that is capable of synthesizing and secreting E-GPx, the effect of exposure to hyperoxia on E-GPx in plasma and lung were studied in an injury model of hyperoxia exposure in adult mice.

Evaluation of omeprazole and lansoprazole as inhibitors of cytochrome P450 isoforms.

The human clearance of omeprazole and lansoprazole is conducted primarily by the hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) system. Efficacy data indicate few differences between these two drugs, but they may exhibit discrete drug interaction profiles. To compare the potency and specificity of these drugs as inhibitors of CYP isoforms, we performed in vitro studies with human liver microsomal preparations.

The hydroxylation of omeprazole correlates with S-mephenytoin metabolism: a population study.

We compared omeprazole and mephenytoin as probes for the CYP2C19 metabolic polymorphism. Single oral doses of omeprazole (20 mg) or mephenytoin (100 mg) were administered at least 1 week apart to 167 healthy volunteers. Mephenytoin metabolism was measured using the amount of 4'-hydroxymephenytoin and the S/R ratio of mephenytoin in an 8-hour urine collection.

[Cell oncogene expression in normal, metaplastic, dysplastic epithelium and squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix].

Immunohistochemical analysis of the protein expression c-myc, ets 1, ets 2, TPR-met, c-fos, c-jun, c-ras-pan, p53, yes, src in 79 samples of normal, metaplastic squamous epithelium, intraepithelial and invasive squamous cell carcinoma of uterine cervix was performed using polyclonal rabbit antibodies to the synthetic peptides homologous active areas of corresponding oncoproteins. Higher content of myc, fos, ets2, p53, ras is noted in metaplasia, dysplasia and in tumours as compared to the normal tissues. Protein myc is revealed in the cytoplasm at a grave dysplasia and in the nucleus in the intraepithelial carcinoma: this may serve as a criterion at a differential diagnosis of these conditions.

[Expression and co-expression of cellular oncogenes in the course of tumor progression in neuroendocrine lung tumors].

The tumours studied were as follows: benign carcinoids, well differentiated carcinomas (atypical carcinoids) and poorly differentiated tumours (small-cell carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation). Oncoproteins c-myc, c-fos, c-jun, L-myc, c-sis, c-ras, c-src, c-ets-1, c-met were studied immunohistochemically in the material obtained from 25 patients during the operations. A higher expression of c-fos, c-jun, c-ets-1 and c-met is observed at early stages of progression and that of c-myc and L-myc at later stages.

[In vivo identification of YB-1 protein, interacting with the enhancer of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 18, using antibodies to a synthetic peptide].

Enhancer sequences of human papilloma virus (HPV) type 18 were used for screening of HeLa cells cDNA library in lambda gt11 using the protein binding method. Clones with YB I gene homology sequences were isolated. This gene is coding the protein which binds the regulatory region of Y gene of main histocompatibility complex (HLA 11).

[Synthesis and distribution of oncoproteins in tumor tissue].

Expression of myc, fos, src, ras and sis oncoproteins was studied in biopsy material of tumors, metastases and "normal" surrounding tissues from patients with different histological types of stomach and lung cancer, melanoma and other malignancy using immunoblotting. Besides, the immunohistochemical distribution of these oncoproteins under lung cancer and precancer conditions was analysed. The oncoproteins expression was significantly higher in cancer as compared with precancer and "normal' surrounding tissues.

[The detection of the c-src protein gene product in human lung tumors].

Immunoblotting and immunochemistry were used to study the expression of a c-src gene-encoded protein in human lung tumors. The authors were the first to identify this otherwise rarely expressed protooncogene in as many as 60% of lung malignancies of various histogenesis. The expression of c-src protein was increased not only in neuroendocrine tumors (small-cell cancer and atypical carcinoid) but also in non-small-cell tumors such as adenocarcinoma, bronchoalveolar and squamous-cell lung cancer.

[Polymorphism of erythrocyte antigens of spotted reindeer in Primorski Krai and prospects for its use in selection].

First attempt to study polymorphism of erythrocyte antigens of spotted reindeer Cervus (Cervus) nippon Temminck, 1838 blood was made. With the aid of a set of monospecific antisera against blood groups of cattle and pigs, natural antisera of spotted reindeer, iso- and heteroimmune antisera against factors of erythrocytes of spotted reindeer, antigenic picture of blood in cattle of five Primorsk region farms was revealed. Indeces of genetic similarity between populations studied have been calculated and the scheme of their relationships presented.

Nitroreductase reactions of the NADPH: adrenodoxin reductase and the adrenodoxin complex.

NADPH: adrenodoxin reductase (E.C. 1.

Isolation of human liver angiotensin-converting enzyme by chromatofocusing.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (EC 3.4.15.

[Purification and study of the physicochemical properties of angiotensin converting enzyme from the human liver].

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) from human liver was first purified 9000-fold by chromatofocusing with 22% yield. The enzyme had a specific activity of 10 U/mg. The enzyme molecular weight was 150000, as determined by electrophoresis in a 7.

[Characteristics of growth, development and metabolism of algae Closteriopsis acicularis with limited cellular supply of nitrogen in human biological life support system].

The growth, development and metabolism of a new form of green unicellular algae Closteriopsis acicularis were investigated from the point of view of their potential use in the biological life support system (BLSS). Their growth and biochemical characteristics were studied as a function of nitrogen supply. During the nitrogen-deficiency cultivation the growth rate remained unchanged, cell division and biomass increment was uncoupled, and carbohydrate formation was predominant.