Resorbable screw fixation for cortical onlay bone grafting: a pilot study with preliminary results.

Purpose: The current "gold standard" in alveolar ridge augmentation is autogenous bone grafting. Autologous cortical onlay grafts provide predictable increases in bone volume when used for alveolar ridge augmentation; however, rigid fixation of the graft to the recipient site is essential. Titanium screws are commonly used to provide rigid fixation for onlay grafting but have potential drawbacks including the need for a second surgery for removal before implant placement and screw fracture during removal.

Retrograde and submental intubation.

Direct laryngoscopy remains the technique of choice for placing an endotracheal tube (ETT). However, alternative techniques are needed for the difficult airway or unsuccessful intubation. Retrograde intubation may be used in adult or pediatric patients, whether awake, sedated, or obtunded.

Activation of intrinsic and extrinsic finger muscles in relation to the fingertip force vector.

Surface EMG was recorded from two intrinsic and two extrinsic muscles of the index finger during a two-dimensional isometric force task in the plane of flexion and extension. Subjects applied force isometrically at the fingertip in eight equally spaced directions, encompassing 360 degrees. Target forces spanned the range from 20% to 50% of maximum for each direction.