Single injection of very mild dose botulinum toxin in the vastus lateralis improves testicular spermatogenesis and sperm motility in ageing experimental mice.

Background: Botulinum toxin (BoNT) is a widely used therapeutic agent that blocks the excessive release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction. Previously, repeated intracremasteric injections and slight overdose of BoNT have been reported to induce adverse effects in the testicular parameter of experimental rodents. However, a mild dose of BoNT is highly beneficial against skin ageing, neuromuscular deficits, overactive urinary bladder problems, testicular pain and erectile dysfunctions.

Manual extraction is superior to power tools when removing stripped titanium locking screws.

Introduction: Removal of screws from a titanium locking plate is often difficult once the screw has seized and the head is damaged. Such stripped screws are removed with an extraction screw, which can be used manually or on power. We aim to compare the extraction rates using both these methods.

BOTOX® counteracts the innate anxiety-related behaviours in correlation with increased activities of key antioxidant enzymes in the hippocampus of ageing experimental mice.

Cholinergic crisis and oxidative stress in the hippocampus of the brain have been known to induce anxiety disorders upon ageing. BOTOX® is a widely used therapeutic form of botulinum neurotoxin that acts by inhibiting the release of acetylcholine (ACh) from the nerve terminals at the neuromuscular junction. BOTOX® can migrate from the muscle to the brain through retrograde axonal transport and modulate neuroplasticity.

Fatigue fracture of the femoral component in total knee replacement.

Background: Fracture of femoral component in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has become a rare complication with improvements in metal alloy manufacturing technology.

Methodology: We report two cases of fracture of femoral components 9 and 10 years after primary TKA. The Buechel-Pappas (BP) knee system used in our two cases were designed by the same team who designed the LCS TKA implants.