Clinical significance of medial rectus tendon width in unilateral medial rectus resection for patients with previously recessed lateral rectus muscle for exotropia.

In cases of recurrent exotropia, medial rectus resection after bilateral lateral rectus recession is often considered for reoperations. The surgical amount of medial rectus resection is typically determined according to the standard surgical dose table; however, postoperative variability has been noted in the surgical outcomes. In the current study, medial rectus tendon width (MRTW) was measured intraoperatively, and surgical dose-response was calculated as the ratio between amount of correction and resected medial rectus.

Increased angiogenic factors in the aqueous and vitreous humors after disinsertion of extraocular muscle and the effects of triamcinolone acetate injection.

The four extraocular rectus muscles in the rabbits were disinserted for induction of anterior segment ischemia (ASI) and the changes in the concentrations of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1α), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the aqueous and vitreous humor were evaluated. Disinsertion of four rectus muscles in rabbits was performed in the right eyes of rabbits (ASI group). The concentrations of PGE2, HIF-1α, and VEGF in the aqueous and vitreous humor were measured at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h by ELISA.

Clinical features of excyclotorsion in the non-paretic eye of patients with congenital unilateral superior oblique palsy.

Background: To investigate preoperative clinical features and postoperative results according to the correspondence between excyclotorsion and the paretic eye in patients with congenital unilateral superior oblique palsy (USOP).

Methods: A retrospective review of medical charts was performed. The patients were divided into the accordance (ocular excyclotorsion in the paretic eye) and disaccordance (ocular excyclotorsion in the non-paretic eye) groups.

Effect of Classroom Illuminance on the Development and Progression of Myopia in School Children.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of classroom illuminance on the development and progression of myopia in elementary school children.

Methods: The daylight factor, a ratio of inside and outside illuminance, was obtained in 50 elementary schools. The firstgrade students in the school with the lowest daylight (LD) factor (LD school, 145 subjects; 0.

Clinical factors affecting the rate of exodrift after surgery in patients with basic intermittent exotropia.

We investigated the period of postoperative exodrift during follow-up and clinical factors that affect the rate of exodrift after surgery in the patients with intermittent exotropia (IXT). A retrospective review of medical records of patients with exodrift who underwent bilateral rectus recession for IXT was performed. Exodrift was defined as angle of deviation greater than 10 prism diopters (PD) at distance and near.

Initial Postoperative Alignment in Strabismus Related to Thyroid Eye Disease.

Purpose: To investigate the surgical outcome according to the initial postoperative angle of deviation in patients with thyroid eye disease.

Methods: The medical records of patients who underwent strabismus surgery were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into overcorrection (> 5 prism diopters [PD]), full correction, or undercorrection (> 5 PD) groups, according to the angle of deviation on postoperative day 1.

Long-term follow-up study on surgical outcomes of the Faden operation in consecutive esotropia.

We evaluated the long-term surgical outcomes of medial rectus (MR) recession with the Faden operation in consecutive esotropia (CET). We retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent MR recession with the Faden operation for CET between 2013 and 2018, and compared surgical outcomes between patients who underwent MR recession with the Faden operation (Faden group) and MR recession only (control group). We followed up the patients at 24 months postoperatively.

Clinical Manifestations of Delayed-onset Consecutive Esotropia after Surgical Correction of Intermittent Exotropia.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical features and prognosis of a delayed-onset consecutive esotropia (ET) after surgical correction of intermittent exotropia.

Methods: Thirty-four patients who developed consecutive ET after primary bilateral lateral rectus recession for the surgical correction of intermittent exotropia were evaluated retrospectively and were divided into two groups: delayed-onset consecutive ET group and the continuous consecutive ET group. Patients who developed esodeviation after once recovering to orthotropia within 1 month after the operation were included in the delayed-onset consecutive ET group, and patients with continuous esodeviation after the operation were included in the continuous consecutive ET group.

Recovery From Suppression With Successful Motor Alignment After Surgery for Intermittent Exotropia.

Purpose: To investigate recovery from suppression when the target motor alignment is achieved following surgery for intermittent exotropia.

Methods: The medical records of 237 patients who underwent surgery for exotropia were retrospectively reviewed. The age at surgery, sex, preoperative angle of deviation, suppression status, and near stereopsis were investigated.

Analysis of new attachment site in medial rectus resection with advancement using anterior segment optical coherence tomography.

Objective: To evaluate the surgical outcome of unilateral medial rectus resection with small advancement for recurrent exotropia, ≤30 prism diopters (PD), and verify new attachment site anatomically using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT).

Method: This study is a retrospective chart review of patients who underwent 1.0 mm advancement of unilateral resected medial rectus from original medial rectus (OMR) insertion for recurrent exotropia since 2014.

Measurement of the Angle of Exodeviation With Polarized Glasses in Intermittent Exotropia.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate if the angle of deviation with Polarized glasses is effective for measuring maximal angles in patients with intermittent exotropia (IXT).

Design: Prospective cross-sectional study.

Methods: This study was conducted on patients with >10 prism diopters (PD) of basic-type IXT at distance and near.

Distance Suppression as a Predictive Factor in Progression of Intermittent Exotropia.

Purpose: To address the natural course of intermittent exotropia with small exodeviations (less than 20 prism diopters [PD]) according to the status of suppression, and to evaluate whether suppression testing at the initial visit can assist in predicting the progression of intermittent exotropia.

Methods: Clinical records of patients at the Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea diagnosed between January 2014 and December 2018 with basic-type intermittent exotropia and initial distance deviations of less than 20 PD, older than four years of age and a minimum of three follow-up visits within a 6-month span were retrospectively reviewed. The participants were divided into two groups, the suppression group and the non-suppression group, based on the Vectogram results at the initial visit.

Esodeviation without correction for tapering hyperopia in refractive accommodative esotropia.

Objective: To investigate clinical features for prescription of tapered hyperopia in patients with refractive accommodative esotropia (RAET).

Methods: The clinical features in patients with RAET who began tapering of hyperopia were analyzed. Within a range that can sustain corrected visual acuity and stereoacuity, patients were prescribed for tapered hyperopic correction by 0.

Surgical factors affecting oculocardiac reflex during strabismus surgery.

Background: To investigate surgical factors associated with the occurrence of oculocardiac reflex (OCR) and changes in heart rate (HR) during strabismus surgery.

Methods: Patients who underwent strabismus surgery under general anesthesia were enrolled in this study. The HR during surgery was measured at baseline, and at the following points during surgery: traction of the muscle, maximal increase after traction (adrenergic phase), and the cutting of the muscle.

Bilateral Optic Nerve Involvement Combined with Unilateral Facial Palsy in a Patient with Acute Myeloid Leukaemia: A Case Report.

Central nervous system (CNS) involvement, including optic nerve involvement, in a patient with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is an extremely rare condition. We report a case of bilateral optic nerve involvement combined with unilateral facial palsy in a patient with AML who achieved complete remission following allogenic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation as a young patient. After further evaluation, the patient was diagnosed with a recurrence of AML with CNS involvement.

Early postoperative overcorrection in recurrent exotropia.

Objective: To investigate the surgical outcome according to the angle of deviation at postoperative day 1 in patients with recurrent exotropia DESIGN: Retrospective case series METHODS: Surgical outcome in patients with recurrent exotropia for at least 1 year was analyzed retrospectively. Patients were divided into 3 subgroups according to the angle of deviation at postoperative day 1: overcorrection group (≥2 prism diopter [PD] of esodeviation), orthotropic group (orthotropia or <5 PD of exodeviation), and undercorrection group (≥5 PD of exodeviation). Success was defined as ≤5 PD of esodeviation or ≤10 PD of exodeviation at the final visit.

Clinical Features and Surgical Outcome of Triad Exotropia.

Purpose: To describe the clinical features and surgical outcome of A-pattern exotropia combined with dissociated vertical deviation and superior oblique overaction.

Methods: The medical records of patients with A-pattern exotropia combined with dissociated vertical deviation and superior oblique overaction who underwent horizontal muscle surgery alone or in combination with superior oblique muscle weakening surgery were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into two groups according to their surgery: the horizontal muscle surgery alone group and the horizontal muscle surgery with bilateral superior oblique weakening surgery (combined surgery) group.

A Valid Indication and the Effect of Bilateral Inferior Oblique Transposition on Recurrent or Consecutive Horizontal Deviation in Infantile Strabismus.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of bilateral inferior oblique transposition (BIOT) on horizontal deviation from primary position among patients with bilateral dissociated vertical deviation (DVD) associated with inferior oblique overaction (IOOA) in infantile strabismus.

Methods: Retrospective chart review was conducted among 19 patients with infantile strabismus. All patients had DVD and IOOA with consecutive or recurrent horizontal deviation and underwent modified BIOT surgery.

Esotropia Surgery Considering the Angle under General Anesthesia.

Purpose: To compare the amount of esotropia corrected by surgery under general anesthesia and in a conscious state in esotropia surgery.

Methods: The charts of 42 patients who underwent surgery under general anesthesia for correction of esotropia were reviewed. Angle of deviation was measured by the alternate prism cover test in awakened state one day before and after surgery.

Effects of Head-Mounted Display on the Oculomotor System and Refractive Error in Normal Adolescents.

Purpose: To investigate the clinical effects of head-mounted display on the refractive error and oculomotor system in normal adolescents.

Methods: Sixty volunteers (age: 13 to 18 years) watched a three-dimensional movie and virtual reality application of head-mounted display for 30 minutes. The refractive error (diopters [D]), angle of deviation (prism diopters [PD]) at distance (6 m) and near (33 cm), near point of accommodation, and stereoacuity were measured before, immediately after, and 10 minutes after watching the head-mounted display.

Visual Discomfort While Viewing Three-dimensional Television as a Screening Tool for Pediatric Eye Diseases in Children.

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of evaluating 3D asthenopia and 3D perception difficulty for screening of binocular vision abnormalities in children.

Methods: Patients aged 6-12 years with abnormal binocularity, including strabismus, amblyopia, and anisometropia, were included. Age-matched normal subjects without any ophthalmologic abnormality other than a refractive error were also recruited.

Clinical exhibition of increased accommodative loads for binocular fusion in patients with basic intermittent exotropia.

Background: To investigate the accommodative loads change needed to maintain binocular fusion in patients with intermittent exotropia (IXT).

Methods: Seventeen consecutive patients with basic IXT and 15 normal controls were recruited. The WAM-5500 autorefractor (GrandSeiko, Fukuyama, Japan) was used to measure refractive error (D) under binocular and monocular viewing conditions at 6 m, 50 cm, 33 cm and 20 cm.

Clinical Preoperative and Postoperative Symptoms of Exotropia.

Purpose: To examine clinical preoperative and postoperative symptoms and changes in exotropia according to constancy and age.

Methods: A survey was conducted of 50 patients on the day before and 1 month after exotropia surgery. Survey results were analyzed by type of exotropia at presentation and age.