Apoptosis of Pancreatic Cancer Cells after Co-Treatment with Eugenol and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand.

Pancreatic cancer is a refractory cancer with limited treatment options. Various cancer types are resistant to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Eugenol, the main component of clove oil, exhibits anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects.

Analysis of Factors Affecting Neutralizing Antibody Production after COVID-19 Vaccination Using Newly Developed Rapid Point-of-Care Test.

(1) Objective: To investigate the factors that affect rates of neutralizing antibody production and duration after vaccination using the newly developed SARS-CoV-2 POCT. (2) Methods: The production of immunoglobulin and neutralizing antibody in clinical subjects who completed various vaccines was analyzed using the POCT, the semi-quantitative was interpreted by measurement application, and the quantified neutralizing antibody titers were using the ELISA. (3) Results: According to the clinical performance analysis of the POCT, the clinical sensitivity and the specificity were 96.

Role of phloretin as a sensitizer to TRAIL-induced apoptosis in colon cancer.

Phloretin is one of the apple polyphenols with anticancer activities. Since tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) serves important roles in inducing apoptosis, the present study examined the effect of phloretin on TRAIL-induced apoptosis in colon cancer cells. Treatment with both phloretin and TRAIL markedly suppressed the survival of cancer cells from several colon cancer cell lines compared with that of cells treated with either TRAIL or phloretin.

Tailored Therapy Based on Molecular Characteristics in Endometrial Cancer.

Management of endometrial cancer, an adenocarcinoma of the endometrium which occupies most uterine corpus neoplasms, including uterine sarcomas, has been more relevant due to its increasing incidence. Extensive research on tumorigenesis molecular mechanisms and molecular characterization across cancers has brought paradigm shifts in the treatment of various malignant tumors. Endometrial cancer treatment has been traditionally guided according to the disease extent or histology types, while recent studies on molecular features have led to the introduction of targeted agents into clinical use, along with conventional chemotherapeutic agents in patients with recurrent or metastatic disease.

Preferences for life-sustaining treatment in Korean adults: a cross-sectional study.

Objectives: Life-sustaining treatment is any treatment that serves to prolong life without reversing the underlying medical conditions, and includes cardiopulmonary resuscitation, mechanical ventilation, haemodialysis and left ventricular assist devices. This study aimed to investigate the thoughts on life-sustaining treatment of Koreans and to assess the factors associated with deciding to not receive life-sustaining treatment if they develop a terminal disease.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Prognostic implication of systemic inflammatory markers in young patients with resectable colorectal cancer.

Purpose: The prognosis of young colorectal cancer (CRC) patients has not fully been addressed. The prognostic significance of systemic inflammatory markers was examined in those patients.

Methods: A total of 965 patients with resectable CRC were divided into young (≤ 50 years, n = 101) and old groups (> 51 years, n = 864).

Pulmonary function is implicated in the prognosis of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer but not in extended disease small cell lung cancer.

Background: The impacts of pulmonary function in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and extended disease stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC-ED) treated with palliative chemotherapy remain to still be determined.

Methods: Results of spirometry performed in 449 patients with either stage IV NSCLC (n=313) or SCLC-ED (n=136) at diagnosis were reviewed retrospectively. Overall survival (OS) was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared via a log-rank test.

Credé maneuver to adjust tape tension during trans-obturator tape mid-urethral sling in mixed urinary incontinence.

Introduction And Hypothesis: To evaluate the efficacy of intraoperative extrinsic manual bladder compression (Credé maneuver) for trans-obturator tape adjustment during mid-urethral sling surgery in women with stress urinary incontinence and those with mixed urinary incontinence.

Methods: The study included 148 randomly selected women who underwent mid-urethral sling surgery with trans-obturator tape for stress urinary incontinence between January 2016 and May 2017. Subgroup analysis of 66 women with mixed urinary incontinence included 43 patients from the Credé maneuver group and 23 from the non-Credé maneuver group.

Early venous thromboembolism at the beginning of palliative chemotherapy is a poor prognostic factor in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer: a retrospective study.

Background: This study investigated the prognostic effects of venous thromboembolism (VTE)-related factors in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer receiving palliative chemotherapy. Predictive factors for VTE were also investigated.

Methods: A total of 216 patients diagnosed with metastatic pancreatic cancer who received gemcitabine-based palliative chemotherapy at our institution were retrospectively evaluated.

Inflammatory markers as prognostic indicators in pancreatic cancer patients who underwent gemcitabine-based palliative chemotherapy.

Background/aims: Patients with pancreatic cancer (PC) generally have poor clinical outcomes. Early determination of their prognosis is crucial for developing a therapeutic strategy. Recently, various inflammatory markers have been validated as prognostic indicators for many cancers, including PC.

Overexpression of Romo1 is an unfavorable prognostic biomarker and a predictor of lymphatic metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer patients.

Introduction: Reactive oxygen species modulator-1 (Romo1) is a protein that modulates levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and has been reported to affect cancer cell invasion and proliferation via persistent inflammation. Several studies have demonstrated the clinical application of Romo1 as a prognostic marker in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, there have been no studies investigating the mechanism by which Romo1 adversely affects the prognosis of these patients.

Methods: We examined Romo1, ROS, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in tumor tissues immunohistochemically.

Upregulation of EphB3 in gastric cancer with acquired resistance to a FGFR inhibitor.

Amplification of fibroblast growth factor receptor2 (FGFR2) has been regarded as a druggable target in gastric cancer (GC). Despite known potential of AZD4547, a selective inhibitor of FGFR 1-3, to suppress tumorigenic effects of activated FGFR2, resistance to the targeted agent has been an unresolved issue. This study was performed to elucidate the mechanism of AZD4547 resistance in GC cells.

Correction: Genipin suppresses colorectal cancer cells by inhibiting the Sonic Hedgehog pathway.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21882.

Genipin inhibits the invasion and migration of colon cancer cells by the suppression of HIF-1α accumulation and VEGF expression.

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) play important roles in cancer progression in various cancer cell lines. Although genipin, a constituent of Gardenia fruit, has been shown to have anti-tumor activity, its role in the suppression of HIF-1 and its downstream target genes is not well understood. We examined the effect of genipin on the intracellular level of HIF-1α and extracellular level of VEGF using the colon cancer cell line HCT116.

Current Strategies of Endocrine Therapy in Elderly Patients with Breast Cancer.

Currently, the growing population of the elderly is one of biggest problems in terms of increase in geriatric diseases. Lack of data from large prospective studies on geriatric breast cancer patients often makes it difficult for clinicians to make treatments decisions for them. Because both benefit and risk of treatment should be taken into account, treatment is usually determined considering life expectancy or comorbidities in elderly patients.

Treatment experience for incidentally diagnosed asymptomatic prostate tuberculosis in a patient with history of BCG intravesical therapy.

Intravesical BCG therapy after transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURB) is considered the most effective treatment for prophylaxis against the recurrence of high risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, and generally well tolerated and infectious complication are rare. We reported a case of granulomatous prostatitis is a patient who had undergone intravesical BCG therapy due to non-invasive superficial urothelial carcinoma of bladder. This patient was diagnosed by prostate biopsy because of PSA elevation without any other voiding symptoms and abnormal abscess pocket in transrectal ultrasonography.

Efficacy of second-line treatment and importance of comorbidity scores and clinical parameters affecting prognosis in elderly patients with non-small cell lung cancer without epidermal growth factor receptor mutations.

The present study investigated the importance of comorbidity scores and clinical parameters in elderly patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) not harboring epidermal growth factor receptor () mutations who received second-line chemotherapy. The present study also compared the efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitor and cytotoxic chemotherapy as second-line treatment in elderly patients. The present study retrospectively reviewed the treatment of elderly patients with NSCLC (≥70 years old) who received second-line chemotherapy at Korea University Guro Hospital.

Anatomical distribution and detection rate of colorectal neoplasms according to age in the colonoscopic screening of a Korean population.

Purpose: Because data as a basis for the determination of proper age and modality for screening of colorectal neoplasms is lacking, we evaluated detection rates and anatomical distribution of colorectal neoplasms according to age in healthy individuals who underwent total colonoscopy for health checkup.

Methods: A total of 16,100 cases that had received the colonoscopic examination from January to December in 2014 were analyzed. The total number of individuals who received total colonoscopy were divided by the number of individuals harboring colorectal adenoma to calculate the detection rate of colorectal adenoma.

Genipin suppresses colorectal cancer cells by inhibiting the Sonic Hedgehog pathway.

Genipin, a major component of Ellis fruit, has been shown to inhibit the growth of gastric, prostate, and breast cancers. However, the anti-proliferative activity of genipin in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been characterized. Herein, we demonstrated that genipin inhibits the proliferation of CRC cells and that genipin suppressed the Hedgehog pathway.

Prognostic significance of interim F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography volumetric parameters in metastatic or recurrent gastric cancer.

Aim: To evaluate the prognostic role of interim analysis of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) volumetric parameters in patients with recurrent or metastatic advanced gastric cancer (AGC) treated with fluoropyrimidine-based palliative chemotherapy.

Methods: Forty-four patients who underwent baseline and interim PET/CT scanning during palliative chemotherapy were analyzed retrospectively. Initial and change of metabolic parameters (MP) - metabolic tumor volume (MTV), tumor lesion glycolysis (TLG) and maximum and mean standardized uptake values (SUV) were measured with PET/CT.

Cyclopamine sensitizes TRAIL-resistant gastric cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated increase of death receptor 5 and survivin degradation.

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is one of the most effective cancer treatments owing to its ability to selectively kill cancer cells, without affecting normal cells. However, it has been reported that several gastric cancer cells show resistance to TRAIL because of a scarcity of death receptor 5 (DR5) expressed on the cell surface. In this study, we show that cyclopamine sensitizes gastric cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by elevating the expression of DR5.

Hedgehog signaling pathway as a potential target in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer.

The sonic hedgehog signaling pathway is critical for cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and organ development during embryogenesis. Aberrant activation of the sonic hedgehog pathway has been associated with a variety of human cancers. Currently, there is no target molecular drug that clinically affects sonic hedgehog activation in patients with gastric cancer.

Reactive oxygen species modulator-1 (Romo1) predicts unfavorable prognosis in colorectal cancer patients.

Background: Reactive oxygen species modulator-1 (Romo1) is a novel protein that has been reported to be crucial for cancer cell proliferation and invasion. However, its clinical implications in colorectal cancer patients are not well-known. For the first time, we investigated the association between Romo1 and the clinical outcomes of colorectal cancer patients.

Indications for a second prostate biopsy in patients suspected with prostate cancer after an initial negative prostate biopsy.

Background: The present study aimed to evaluate the indications for a second prostate biopsy in patients suspected with prostate cancer after an initial negative prostate biopsy.

Methods: The present study included 421 patients who underwent repeat prostate biopsy between January 2007 and December 2015 at three hospitals. Clinicopathological data, including patient age, body mass index, history of prostate biopsy, prostate volume, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, PSA density, PSA velocity, and PSA fluctuation patterns, were analyzed.

A Case of Terra Firma-Forme Dermatosis Treated with Salicylic Acid Alcohol Peeling.

Terra firma-forme dermatosis (TFFD) is a bizarre, acquired and idiopathic dermatosis that etiology has still not been fully defined. It is characterized by the presence of asymptomatic, brownish dirt-like lesion maybe due to disorder of keratinization. These lesions cannot be removed with ordinary cleansing.