Antagonistic functions of CTL1 and SUH1 mediate cell wall assembly in .

Plant genomes contain numerous genes encoding chitinase-like (CTL) proteins, which have a similar protein structure to chitinase belonging to the glycoside hydrolase (GH) family but lack the chitinolytic activity to cleave the -1,4-glycosidic bond in chitins, polymers of -acetylglucosamine. mutations found in rice and have caused pleiotropic developmental defects, including altered cell wall composition and decreased abiotic stress tolerance, likely due to reduced cellulose content. In this study, we identified () as a genetic suppressor of the mutation in .

The Loss of Function of the Enhances Salt Stress Tolerance in Seedlings.

Plants acquire nitrogen, an essential macronutrient, from the soil as nitrate. Since nitrogen availability is a major determinant of crop productivity, the soil is amended with nitrogenous fertilizers. Extensive use of irrigation can lead to the accumulation of salt in the soil, which compromises crop productivity.

Growth Performance Can Be Increased Under High Nitrate and High Salt Stress Through Enhanced Nitrate Reductase Activity in Anthocyanin Over-Producing Mutant Plants.

Nitrogen is one of the most important macro-nutrients for plant growth and crop productivity. The amount of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers supplied to crops has dramatically increased, leading to a notable rise in crop yields. However, excessive nitrogen use has an enormous negative impact on ecosystems and human health through the emission of intense greenhouse gases, such as nitric oxide derived from the nitrate (NO ) assimilation cascade.

Overexpression of the Gene Confers Resistance to Salt Stress by the Induction of NCED3, an ABA Biosynthesis Enzyme.

Salt stress constitutes a major form of abiotic stress in plants. Histone modification plays an important role in stress tolerance, with particular reference to salt stress resistance. In the current study, we found that HDA15 overexpression confers salt stress resistance to young seedling stages of transgenic plants.

NITROGEN RESPONSE DEFICIENCY 1-mediated CHL1 induction contributes to optimized growth performance during altered nitrate availability in Arabidopsis.

Plants cannot fix nitrogen directly; they must absorb it from the soil through their roots, or in rare cases, form associations with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The efficiency of nitrogen use in most domesticated crops is low, and more than half of the available nitrogen in the soil can leach into the environment. Understanding the nitrogen signaling pathways is essential for maximizing the efficiency of nitrogen use in crops.

Deficiency of AtGFAT1 activity impairs growth, pollen germination and tolerance to tunicamycin in Arabidopsis.

The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) plays essential roles in growth and development in plants. However, insight into the biological function of glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase 1 (GFAT1), mediating the first regulatory step of the HBP, remains unclear in plants. Here, we report the molecular characterization of Arabidopsis AtGFAT1 gene.

Enhanced anthocyanin accumulation confers increased growth performance in plants under low nitrate and high salt stress conditions owing to active modulation of nitrate metabolism.

Plants require nitrogen (N) for growth and development. However, they are frequently exposed to conditions of nitrogen deficiency. In addition, anthocyanin accumulation is induced under salt stress and nitrate deficiency.

Dual role of SND1 facilitates efficient communication between abiotic stress signalling and normal growth in Arabidopsis.

Certain plant cells synthesize secondary cell walls besides primary cell walls. This biosynthesis is strictly controlled by an array of transcription factors. Here, we show that SND1, a regulator of cell-wall biosynthesis, regulates abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis to ensure optimal plant growth.

Paenibacillus pabuli strain P7S promotes plant growth and induces anthocyanin accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana.

In this study, a novel plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), the bacterial strain Paenibacillus pabuli P7S (PP7S), showed promising plant growth-promoting effects. Furthermore, it induced anthocyanin accumulation in Arabidopsis. When co-cultivated with PP7S, there was a significant increase in anthocyanin content and biomass of Arabidopsis seedlings compared with those of the control.

Evaluation of the plant growth-promoting activity of Pseudomonas nitroreducens in Arabidopsis thaliana and Lactuca sativa.

Pseudomonas nitroreducens: strain IHB B 13561 (PnIHB) enhances the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana and Lactuca sativa via the stimulation of cell development and nitrate absorption. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) enhance plant development through various mechanisms; they improve the uptake of soil resources by plants to greatly promote plant growth. Here, we used Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings and Lactuca sativa to screen the growth enhancement activities of a purified PGPR, Pseudomonas nitroreducens strain IHB B 13561 (PnIHB).

AtMyb56 Regulates Anthocyanin Levels via the Modulation of Expression in Response to Sucrose in .

Sucrose is a crucial compound for the growth and development of plants, and the regulation of multiple genes depends on the amount of soluble sugars present. Sucrose acts as a signaling molecule that regulates a proton-sucrose symporter, with its sensor being the sucrose transporter. Flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthesis are regulated by sucrose, and sucrose signaling can affect flavonoid and anthocyanin accumulation.

Evaluation of a Rapid Method for Screening Heat Stress Tolerance Using Three Korean Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars.

Thermotolerance in plants is a topic of concern given the current trends in global warming. Here, we aimed to develop a rapid and reproducible screening method for selection of heat stress-tolerant wheat varieties to expedite the breeding process. We tested the robustness of the screen in three Korean wheat cultivars, "BackJung", "KeumKang", and "ChoKyeong".

High accumulation of anthocyanins via the ectopic expression of AtDFR confers significant salt stress tolerance in Brassica napus L.

The ectopic expression of AtDFR results in increased accumulation of anthocyanins leading to enhanced salinity and drought stress tolerance in B. napus plants. Flavonoids with antioxidant effects confer many additional benefits to plants.

Systematic deletion of the ER lectin chaperone genes reveals their roles in vegetative growth and male gametophyte development in Arabidopsis.

Calnexin (CNX) and calreticulin (CRT) are homologous lectin chaperones in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that facilitate glycoprotein folding and retain folding intermediates to prevent their transit via the secretary pathway. The Arabidopsis genome has two CNX (CNX1 and CNX2) and three CRT (CRT1, CRT2 and CRT3) homologs. Despite growing evidence of the biological roles of CNXs and CRTs, little is understood about their function in Arabidopsis growth and development under normal conditions.

Drastic anthocyanin increase in response to PAP1 overexpression in fls1 knockout mutant confers enhanced osmotic stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana.

KEY MESSAGE : pap1 - D/fls1ko double mutant plants that produce substantial amounts of anthocyanin show tolerance to abiotic stress. Anthocyanins are flavonoids that are abundant in various plants and have beneficial effects on both plants and humans. Many genes in flavonoid biosynthetic pathways have been identified, including those in the MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) complex.

Characterization of Arabidopsis thaliana FLAVONOL SYNTHASE 1 (FLS1) -overexpression plants in response to abiotic stress.

Flavonoids are an important group of secondary metabolites that are involved in plant growth and contribute to human health. Many studies have focused on the biosynthesis pathway, biochemical characters, and biological functions of flavonoids. In this report, we showed that overexpression of FLS1 (FLS1-OX) not only altered seed coat color (resulting in a light brown color), but also affected flavonoid accumulation.

MYBD employed by HY5 increases anthocyanin accumulation via repression of MYBL2 in Arabidopsis.

Photomorphogenesis is an essential program in plant development. This process is effected by the balanced cooperation of many factors under light and dark conditions. In a previous study, we showed that MYB hypocotyl elongation-related (MYBH) is involved in cell elongation.

Characterization of Brassica napus Flavonol Synthase Involved in Flavonol Biosynthesis in Brassica napus L.

Recently, Brassica napus has become a very important crop for plant oil production. Flavonols, an uncolored flavonoid subclass, have a high antioxidative effect and are known to have antiproliferative, antiangiogenic, and neuropharmacological properties. In B.

MicroRNA400-guided cleavage of Pentatricopeptide repeat protein mRNAs Renders Arabidopsis thaliana more susceptible to pathogenic bacteria and fungi.

Although a large number of microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified in different plant species, the functional roles and targets of the majority of miRNAs have not yet been determined. Here, Arabidopsis thaliana miRNA400 (miR400) was investigated for its functional role in the defense response to diverse pathogens. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants that overexpress MIR400 (35S::MIR400) displayed much more severe disease symptoms than the wild-type plants when infected with the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv.

Loss of all three calreticulins, CRT1, CRT2 and CRT3, causes enhanced sensitivity to water stress in Arabidopsis.

The calreticulin triple knockout mutant shows growth defects in response to abiotic stress. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an essential organelle that is responsible for the folding and maturation of proteins. During ER stress, unfolded protein aggregates accumulate in the cell, leading to the unfolded protein response (UPR).

A novel Arabidopsis MYB-like transcription factor, MYBH, regulates hypocotyl elongation by enhancing auxin accumulation.

Critical responses to developmental or environmental stimuli are mediated by different transcription factors, including members of the ERF, bZIP, MYB, MYC, and WRKY families. Of these, MYB genes play roles in many developmental processes. The overexpression of one MYB gene, MYBH, significantly increased hypocotyl elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana plants grown in the light, and the expression of this gene increased markedly in the dark.

Inhibition of histone deacetylation alters Arabidopsis root growth in response to auxin via PIN1 degradation.

Our results showed the histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDIs) control root development in Arabidopsis via regulation of PIN1 degradation. Epigenetic regulation plays a crucial role in the expression of many genes in response to exogenous or endogenous signals in plants as well as other organisms. One of epigenetic mechanisms is modifications of histone, such as acetylation and deacetylation, are catalyzed by histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC), respectively.

Loss of the R2R3 MYB, AtMyb73, causes hyper-induction of the SOS1 and SOS3 genes in response to high salinity in Arabidopsis.

Environmental stressors, including high salt, drought, and low or high temperatures, are often associated with significant losses in agricultural productivity. Plants have evolved a diverse array of signaling pathways to modulate their development in response to various environmental challenges. Here, we report the characterization of a member of the R2R3-MYB transcription factor family, AtMyb73.

TTG1-mediated flavonols biosynthesis alleviates root growth inhibition in response to ABA.

Our results demonstrate that the flavonoids biosynthetic pathway can be effectively manipulated to confer enhanced plant root growth under water-stress conditions. Abscisic acid (ABA) is one of most important phytohormones. It functions in various processes during the plant lifecycle.