A systematic review of the scalp donor site for split-thickness skin grafting.

Split-thickness skin grafting (STSG) is the gold standard for coverage of acute burns and reconstructive wounds. However, the choice of the donor site for STSG varies among surgeons, and the scalp represents a relatively under-utilized donor site. Understanding the validity of potential risks will assist in optimizing wound management.

Simultaneous two-layer harvesting of scalp split-thickness skin and dermal grafts for acute burns and postburn scar deformities.

Background: The scalp, an excellent donor site for thin skin grafts, presents a limited surface but is rich in stem cells. The purpose of this study was to test a double harvesting procedure from the scalp and to evaluate the capacity of the dermal layer.

Methods: Two layers corresponding to a split-thickness skin graft (SSG) and a split-thickness dermal graft (SDG) were harvested from the scalp using a Zimmer dermatome during the same procedure.

Spindle cell myoepithelioma of the parotid gland.

Myoepithelioma was recognized as a histological distinct entity by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1991. Myoepithelial cells are believed to be of ectodermal origin. In salivary glands, the myoepithelial cells that surround the intercalated ducts are spindled, which is in contrast to the large stellate ones that envelop the acini.

Congenital unilateral hypoplasia of depressor anguli oris muscle in adult.

Congenital hypoplasia of the depressor anguli oris muscle is a rare cause of asymmetrical crying facies in newborns. The clinical manifestations range from mild to severe asymmetry and may persist up to adulthood. In the current case, the patient did not exhibit other congenital anomalies or paralysis of other branches of the facial nerve.

Closure of a full-thickness scalp burn that occurred during hair coloring using a simple skin-stretching method: A case report and review of the literature.

Full-thickness scalp burns secondary to hair coloring are rare; however, such defects can be large and complex reconstruction of hair-bearing tissue may be necessary. Many skin-stretching devices that use gradual traction have been applied to take advantage of the viscoelastic properties of the skin. A 21-year-old female patient was seen with a burn defect on her occipital scalp leading to exposed subcutaneous tissue after chemical application of hair coloring in a salon.

Ultrasonographic findings of re-epithelialized skin after partial-thickness burns.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the difference between ultrasonographic findings of normal skin and those of re-epithelialized skin after partial-thickness burns and to evaluate the relationship between these findings and clinical outcomes.

Methods: This study retrospectively analysed the ultrasound images of re-epithelialized skin after partial-thickness burns and contralateral normal skin from January 2016 to December 2016. A total of 155 lesions from 148 patients were analysed with ultrasound images, and healing time was documented.

Palmar crease release and secondary full-thickness skin grafts for contractures in primary full-thickness skin grafts during growth spurts in pediatric palmar hand burns.

Pediatric palmar hand burns are a difficult problem because of the serious hand deformity, with functional impairment resulting from rapid growth. In cases of severe pediatric palmar hand burns, a secondary full-thickness skin graft after a primary full-thickness skin graft offers a reliable way of obtaining the required functional and aesthetic outcomes.This study retrospectively evaluated 28 children who required palmar crease releases and secondary full-thickness skin grafts during the past 12 years.

Pseudoangiosarcomatous squamous cell carcinoma developing on a burn scar: a case report and review of the literature.

Pseudoangiosarcomatous squamous cell carcinoma, also known as pseudovascular, pseudovascular adenoid and pseudoangiomatous squamous cell carcinoma, is an exceedingly rare, aggressive variant of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma with extreme acantholysis resulting in angiosarcoma-like areas. Histologically, a pseudoangiosarcomatous pattern includes complex anastomosing channels and spaces lined with neoplastic cells. The neoplastic cells exhibit cytokeratin and vimentin positivity but yield negative results with CD31 and CD34.

Aesthetic reconstruction of a superficial defect of the upper lip using a hairy preauricular free flap.

Reconstruction of the upper lip requires symmetrical reconstruction of hairy male skin according to the aesthetic principle. A moderate defect of the upper lip had nonhairy skin on the upper one-third and hairy skin on the lower two-thirds in a Korean man. A hairy preauricular free flap is useful for correcting superficial-thickness skin defects of the upper lip, when local and regional flaps are not applicable.

Modified dovetail-plasty in scar revision.

Scar revision is one of the fundamental techniques in the field of plastic and reconstructive surgery. Local flaps, such as a Z-plasty, W-plasty, or geometric broken-line closure, have been used for scar revision. Camouflaging a scar during scar revision for marginal scars from skin grafts and flaps, trapdoor scars, and linear scars is difficult.

Hair follicle transplantation on scar tissue.

Background: Hair transplantation is a continuously evolving field. The procedure was originally developed by Dr. Orentreich in 1959, but he applied it only to the androgenic alopecia.

A review of microvascular ear replantation.

Microvascular ear replantation is a significant challenge because of the small size of the vessels and the fact that traumatic amputations are frequently avulsed. The zone of trauma is therefore extended and the primary repair of the injured vessel is rendered unlikely. The purpose of this study is to review the literature of ear replantation.

Ilizarov distraction and vascularized fibular osteocutaneous graft for postosteomyelitis skeletal deformity of the forearm.

The reconstruction of large skeletal defects secondary to osteomyelitis is a challenging problem. This paper reports on the treatment of bone defects caused by osteomyelitis of the radius using an Ilizarov distraction technique and a vascularized fibular graft. A 25-year-old man first presented with a right radial defect caused by osteomyelitis when he was 3 years old.

Combined rotation and advancement flap reconstruction for a defect of the upper lip: 2 cases.

Many types of upper lip reconstruction have been introduced to treat defects after a tumor excision or trauma. The authors treated two cases of upper lip defects. A 35-year-old woman presented with a squamous cell carcinoma of the left upper lip that had invaded the corner of the mouth.

Surgical treatment of dermatomal capillary malformations in the adult face.

Background: Facial capillary malformations (CMs) rarely recede; they often become darker and raised in proportion to their growth. These malformations may hypertrophy in adulthood, resulting in increased disfigurement and dysfunction. Laser treatment is considered a first-line therapy for focal CMs, but thick wide lesions, which are accompanied by hypertrophy and have a well-circumscribed nodularity, may be treated with surgical excision and reconstruction.

Nasolabial facial artery and vein as recipient vessels for midface microsurgical reconstruction.

Although free flap transfer is commonly performed to reconstruct facial defects, the submandibular facial artery and vein have historically been considered as adequate recipient vessels for microsurgical reconstruction. If the vascular pedicles of the free flap are short, vein grafts are necessary. The purpose of this study was to determine the indications for and effectiveness of using the nasolabial facial vessels for midfacial reconstruction.

Combined neurovascular gracilis muscle and jejunal free-flap reconstruction for extensive venous malformation of the face.

The defect left after the resection of an extensive venous malformation in the cheek was reconstructed with a combined neurovascular gracilis muscle and patched jejunal free flap. At 25-year follow-up, the patient demonstrated good oral competence, had an adequate oral aperture allowing dental hygiene, and had symmetrical corners of the mouth.

Free-flap reconstruction of the scalp: donor selection and outcome.

Wide, complex defects of the scalp caused by various insults always represent reconstructive challenges for surgeons. Our study group consisted of 18 patients (14 males and 4 females) with a mean age of 40.2 years.

Upper-lip reconstruction using a free dorsalis pedis flap incorporating the extensor hallucis and digitorum brevis muscles.

The combined dorsalis pedis cutaneous, extensor hallucis and digitorum brevis muscle conjoined free flap is useful for a moderate or subtotal defect of the full-thickness lip when local or regional flaps are not applicable. This method can restore good oral competence, adequate oral aperture allowing dental hygiene, and an ability to purse the lips and create a seal.

Expanded flap and hair follicle transplantation for reconstruction of postburn scalp alopecia.

The advent of tissue expansion started a new era of aesthetically reconstructed scalp alopecia by providing a large hair-bearing scalp area with acceptable hair density. However, residual scalp alopecia and wide visible scars still raised aesthetic problems. The hair follicle transplantation carries the possibility of producing a more natural scalp because both the desired hair density and the natural direction of the hair can be reproduced using this procedure.

Combined AlloDerm® and thin skin grafting for the treatment of postburn dyspigmented scar contracture of the upper extremity.

Postburn dyspigmented scar contractures of the upper extremity often require aesthetic improvement. The ideal reconstruction of this deformity remains a challenge because the various available skin grafts and flaps result in skin colour mismatches, prominent marginal scars and donor morbidity. Postburn scar contractures and dyspigmented areas of the upper extremity can be improved by a combination of dermabrasion and Alloderm(®) graft over scar-releasing defect.