Predictive Factors for Submacular Hemorrhage in Age-related Macular Degeneration: A Retrospective Study.

Purpose: Little is known about the major risk factors for submacular hemorrhage (SMH). This study aimed to evaluate the factors associated with SMH in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy receiving three consecutive loading doses of intravitreal aflibercept or ranibizumab injections.

Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included 48 patients diagnosed with nAMD and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy who completed three loading doses under a treat-and-extend regimen.

Incidence of intraocular inflammation and its risk factors in patients treated with brolucizumab: a nationwide cohort study.

This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of clinically significant intraocular inflammation (csIOI) after treatment with intravitreal injection (IVI) of brolucizumab and identify csIOI risk factors. We categorized 60,966 South Korean patients from a nationwide population-based cohort into 4 groups: groups 1 (Ranibizumab), 2 (Aflibercept), 3 (Brolucizumab), and 4 (switched to brolucizumab). We used the Kaplan-Meier method to estimate the cumulative incidence of csIOI in each group and calculated the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Clinical factors and predictors for spontaneous separation of epiretinal membranes.

Purpose: To investigate the clinical characteristics, imaging features, and predictive factors for spontaneous separation in patients with idiopathic or secondary ERM.

Methods: The overall cohort was divided into two subgroups: idiopathic ERM (28 eyes, 56%) and secondary ERM (22 eyes, 44%). Electronic records and multimodal imaging were reviewed.

EXPLORING THE CHALLENGES OF DISTINGUISHING PUNCTATE INNER CHOROIDOPATHY FROM MULTIFOCAL CHOROIDITIS AND PANUVEITIS.

Purpose: This retrospective case series aimed to assess the concordance between clinical diagnoses of punctate inner choroidopathy and multifocal choroiditis and panuveitis (MCP) using the 2021 Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature Working Group criteria.

Methods: Using the medical records of the patients, the authors reevaluated 100 eyes of 75 patients with idiopathic multifocal chorioretinal inflammatory lesions based on Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature criteria and compared the result with the clinical diagnosis.

Results: Of 100 eyes, 29 eyes (29%) were diagnosed as punctate inner choroidopathy and 15 eyes (15%) were diagnosed as MCP using Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature criteria, and 56 (56%) eyes could not be diagnosed as either.

Pachychoroid Spectrum Disease: Comparison of Patients with Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Complicated with Pachychoroid Neovasculopathy.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the incidence and visual outcomes of pachychoroid neovasculopathy (PNV) in patients initially diagnosed with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).

Methods: In this study, 144 patients aged 20 to 55 years with treatment-naive chronic CSC, defined as the persistence of subretinal fluid (SRF) for ≥6 months, were retrospectively enrolled. Patients with PNV at the initial evaluation were categorized as group 1, whereas those who developed new-onset PNV during follow-up were categorized as group 2.

Electrophysiological Analysis of Retinal Organoid Development Using 3D Microelectrodes of Liquid Metals.

Despite of the substantial potential of human-derived retinal organoids, the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) during maturation limits their utility in assessing the functionality of later-born retinal cell subtypes. Additionally, conventional analyses primarily rely on fluorescent emissions, which limits the detection of actual cell functionality while risking damage to the 3D cytoarchitecture of organoids. Here, an electrophysiological analysis is presented to monitor RGC development in early to mid-stage retinal organoids, and compare distinct features with fully-mature mouse retina.

Extracellular fluid excess linked to reduced choroidal vascularity index in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Extracellular fluid (ECF) excess is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study (involving 284 patients with CKD) explored the association between choroidal vascularity index (CVI) and ECF excess. We categorised patients into three groups based on extracellular water/total body water: normal, mildly overhydrated, and severely overhydrated.

Clinician-Driven Reanalysis of Exome Sequencing Data From Patients With Inherited Retinal Diseases.

Importance: Despite advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS), a significant proportion of patients with inherited retinal disease (IRD) remain undiagnosed after initial genetic testing. Exome sequencing (ES) reanalysis in the clinical setting has been suggested as one method for improving diagnosis of IRD.

Objective: To investigate the association of clinician-led reanalysis of ES data, which incorporates updated clinical information and comprehensive bioinformatic analysis, with the diagnostic yield in a cohort of patients with IRDs in Korea.

Factors predicting redislocation or suture break in eyes after scleral-fixated intraocular lens.

Purpose: To investigate predictive factors for redislocation in patients with recurrent intraocular lens (IOL) dislocation after secondary scleral-fixated IOL (SF IOL) surgery.

Setting: 2 tertiary referral hospitals.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Long-term Outcomes of Surgeries for Retinal Detachment Secondary to Parasitic or Viral Infectious Retinitis.

Purpose: This study sought to compare the long-term outcomes of surgeries for retinal detachment (RD) secondary to viral or parasitic infectious retinitis.

Methods: A total of 47 eyes that received pars plana vitrectomy with or without scleral buckling due to RD secondary to polymerase chain reaction-proven viral (cytomegalovirus, varicella zoster virus, and herpes zoster virus) or parasitic (toxoplasma and toxocara) retinitis from October 1, 2006, to June 30, 2023, in a single medical center were retrospectively enrolled.

Results: Mean follow-up period was 59.

Uveitis Risk After the First Dose of COVID-19 Vaccination Based on Uveitis History: Matched Cohort and Crossover Case Series Study.

Purpose: To investigate the risk of noninfectious uveitis following the first dose of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination based on the uveitis history.

Design: Retrospective matched cohort and crossover case series study.

Methods: A random sample of 7 917 457 individuals who received COVID-19 vaccine between January 2021 and March 2022 in Korea, and had no recorded history of COVID-19 were categorized into the control and uveitis groups based on their uveitis history.

Real-time in vivo monitoring of intraocular pressure distribution in the anterior chamber and vitreous chamber for diagnosis of glaucoma.

Glaucoma causes irreversible vision loss due to optic nerve damage and retinal cell degeneration. Since high intraocular pressure (IOP) is a major risk factor for glaucoma development, accurate IOP measurement is crucial, especially intravitreal IOP affecting the optical nerve and cells. However, conventional methods have limits in selectively and directly detecting local retina pressure.

Multitask Deep Learning for Joint Detection of Necrotizing Viral and Noninfectious Retinitis From Common Blood and Serology Test Data.

Purpose: Necrotizing viral retinitis is a serious eye infection that requires immediate treatment to prevent permanent vision loss. Uncertain clinical suspicion can result in delayed diagnosis, inappropriate administration of corticosteroids, or repeated intraocular sampling. To quickly and accurately distinguish between viral and noninfectious retinitis, we aimed to develop deep learning (DL) models solely using noninvasive blood test data.

Liquid-metal-based three-dimensional microelectrode arrays integrated with implantable ultrathin retinal prosthesis for vision restoration.

Electronic retinal prostheses for stimulating retinal neurons are promising for vision restoration. However, the rigid electrodes of conventional retinal implants can inflict damage on the soft retina tissue. They also have limited selectivity due to their poor proximity to target cells in the degenerative retina.

Next-Generation Sequencing of Vitreoretinal Lymphoma by Vitreous Liquid Biopsy: Diagnostic Potential and Genotype/Phenotype Correlation.

Purpose: To determine the diagnostic potential of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in vitreous samples, analyze genotype-phenotype characteristics, and compare NGS of matched vitreous and brain samples in patients with associated central nervous system lymphoma (CNSL).

Methods: A total of 32 patients suspected of vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL) who underwent diagnostic vitrectomy and NGS were included in this retrospective observational case-series. Fresh vitreous specimens from diagnostic vitrectomy of VRL-suspected patients underwent NGS using a custom panel targeting 747 candidate genes for lymphoma.

Retinal vascular occlusion risks during the COVID-19 pandemic and after SARS-CoV-2 infection.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been reported to affect vascular networks including the eye. However, evidence on the causal relationship between COVID-19 infection and retinal vascular occlusions remains limited. This study aimed to determine the change in retinal vascular occlusion incidence during COVID-19 era and whether severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection induces retinal vascular occlusion.

Retinal artery/arteriole occlusion risks after endovascular treatment for unruptured intracranial aneurysm.

Background: To evaluate the association between retinal artery/arteriole occlusion (RAO) and unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA).

Methods: Incident UIA patients from a nationwide cohort (n=253 240) were categorised into three groups based on subsequent treatment: observation (n=208 993), microsurgical clipping (n=14 168) and endovascular treatment (EVT) groups (n=30 079). The incidence and the incident time of RAO were analysed.

Noninfectious Uveitis Risk After COVID-19 Vaccination: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study.

Purpose: To investigate the incidence and risk of noninfectious uveitis (NIU) following COVID-19 vaccination compared with an unvaccinated, uninfected control group.

Design: Retrospective population-based cohort study.

Methods: We included 5,185,153 individuals who received the first vaccine dose in the exposed group and 2,680,164 individuals in the unexposed, uninfected control group.

Clinical and genetic features of Koreans with retinitis pigmentosa associated with mutations in rhodopsin.

To investigate the clinical features, natural course, and genetic characteristics of Koreans with rhodopsin-associated retinitis pigmentosa (-associated RP). We conducted a retrospective, multicenter, observational cohort study. We reviewed the medical records of 42 patients with -associated RP of 36 families who visited 4 hospitals in Korea.

CLINICAL FEATURES AND PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF BACILLARY LAYER DETACHMENT IN ACUTE VOGT-KOYANAGI-HARADA DISEASE.

Purpose: To evaluate the characteristics of bacillary layer detachment (BALAD) in acute Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease and determine its prognostic value.

Methods: Seventy patients with acute VKH disease with a minimum follow-up of 6 months were studied. The primary outcomes were clinical characteristics associated with BALAD, including features on multimodal imaging at baseline and follow-up.