Spontaneous Intrathoracic Rupture of Abdominal Neuroblastoma in a 2-year-old Child: A Rare Case Report.

Neuroblastoma (NB) tumor rupture, typically intra-abdominal, is a rare and life-threatening condition with a poor prognosis, often associated with large aggressive tumors. Intrathoracic ruptures, rarely reported, may result from thoracic NB or malignant invasion. We present the first case of spontaneous intrathoracic rupture in a 2-year-old boy with abdominal NB.

A Pilot Survey of Indian Stakeholders: Parents, Doctors, and Grown-Up Patients of Disorders of Sexual Differentiation on Management Decisions and Associated Gender Dysphoria.

Background And Aims: Of late, there are many legal representations from select quarters to halt all medical interventions in children with differences of sex development (DSD). In this survey on management decisions in DSD, we distil the views of Indian stakeholders: parents, physicians, and grown-up patients with DSD on their management decisions to identify decisional satisfaction or gender dysphoria.

Methods: The survey domains included the patient demographics, final diagnosis, decision on the sex of rearing, surgical interventions, opinion of the stakeholders on the preferred age of sex assignment, final sex of rearing, and agreement/disagreement about sex assignment (gender dysphoria).

A Novel Association of Colonic Duplication with Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome in an Adolescent Girl.

The association is defined as two or more malformations with unclear relationships, which do not fit the criteria of a syndrome. This case report presents a rare finding of tubular colonic duplication in association with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome in an adolescent girl. The patient presented with gastrointestinal bleeding and abdominal pain, necessitating surgical intervention.

Foreign Body Ingestion in Children: An Experience of 99 Cases in a Tertiary Care Center in Delhi.

Background: Accidental ingestion of foreign bodies in children is critical, as the inability to effectively communicate can potentially lead to devastating consequences. We aimed to determine the epidemiology of foreign body ingestion and variability according to age, gender, type, and location of foreign body, and describe its management.

Aim And Objective: The aim was to study the various types of foreign body ingestions in children admitted to pediatric surgery and their management.

Role of Urinary Biomarkers (Transforming Growth Factor β1, Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin, and Cystatin C) as a Prognostic Factor of Renal Outcome in the Posterior Urethral Valve.

Background: The urinary biomarker response precedes the appearance of any renal structural or functional derangement. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL), and Cystatin C (CysC) can act as the early prognostic markers in posterior urethral valve (PUV) patients.

Aim: To compare the urinary levels of TGF-β1, NGAL, and CysC between PUV cases and age matched controls and to correlate these with renal structural and functional parameters.

Pediatric Age-adjusted Shock Index (SIPA): From Injury to Outcome in Blunt Abdominal Trauma.

Purpose: The Shock Index Pediatric Age-Adjusted (SIPA) score is a useful tool for identifying pediatric trauma patients at a risk of poor outcomes and for triaging. We are studying the relationship between elevated SIPA score and specific outcomes in pediatric trauma patients.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in which case records of 58 pediatric patients with blunt abdominal trauma were evaluated and tabulated for their SIPA scores only at the time of their initial presentation and categorized into two groups - normal SIPA and elevated SIPA.

Triple Diversion Technique in Complete Duodenal Transaction Following Blunt Trauma Abdomen: A Time-Tested Method in a Very Rare Injury.

Duodenal injury following blunt abdominal trauma is extremely rare in children and many times, it has delayed presentation, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. A patient with complete duodenal transaction is a surgical challenge and management involves the time of presentation and extent of visceral damage. A 10-year-old boy was brought with features of bowel perforation after road traffic accident and underwent emergency laparotomy which revealed complete transaction of duodenum at D1 and D2 and pyloroduodenal junction extending toward lesser curvature.

Evaluation of Risk Factors Affecting Outcome in Outborn Surgical Neonates.

Background: Mortality in surgical neonates contributes to neonatal mortality rates. The study was conceptualized to study clinical and nonclinical factors affecting mortality in surgical neonates so that timely intervention could result in improved survival of the neonates.

Materials And Methods: The study was initiated after approval from the institutional ethics committee and included 120 surgical neonates over a period of 18 months after obtaining consent from the parents/caregivers.

Anesthetic considerations in patients with cystic pulmonary adenomatoid malformations.

Congenital pulmonary adenomatoid malformation (CPAM) is a rare entity. The authors searched the US National Library of Medicine Database, EMBASE, Google Scholar, PubMed Central for anesthetic management in CPAM. The search was performed using the terms: congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation, congenital pulmonary adenomatoid malformation, CCAM, CPAM, anesthetic management.

Laparoscopic versus open appendicectomy for complicated appendicitis in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) is the preferred approach in uncomplicated appendicitis. However, in patients with complicated appendicitis (CA), the best approach is still unclear though laparoscopy is being increasingly preferred over open appendicectomy (OA) nowadays.

Aim: To comprehensively review the current literature and compare the associations of LA and OA concerning various postoperative outcomes in order to determine the best approach for children with CA.

Spigelian hernia in children: low versus classical.

Purpose: Pediatric spigelian hernias are very rare. They are often missed or misdiagnosed. A series of cases with spigelian hernia, presented to a tertiary care center are presented here with emphasis on different anatomy of spigelian hernias with cryptorchidism and those without associated cryptorchidism.

Intranatal Torsion of Polydactyly: A Rare Event.

Polydactyly is one of the most common anomalies of hand and/or foot. Postnatal torsion of pedunculated polydactyly is a well known complication but intranatal torsion has been infrequently described in published literature. Here, we describe a case of pedunculated ulnar polydactyly which was gangrenous at birth due to intranatal torsion.

Angiomatosis: A Rare Vascular Proliferation of Head and Neck Region.

Angiomatosis is a diffuse vascular lesion which clinically mimics hemangioma or vascular malformation. It usually involves multiple tissues and is histopathologically characterised by proliferation of vessels of varying calibre intimately admixed with large amount of adipose tissue. Its surgical removal is very difficult because of its infiltrative nature.

Bedside neonatal intensive care unit surgery- myth or reality!

Neonatal transport is associated with complications, more so in sick and unstable neonates who need immediate emergency surgery. To circumvent these problems, surgery in Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is proposed for these neonates. This article reviews the literature regarding feasibility of this novel concept and based on the generated evidence, suggest the NICU planners to always include infrastructure for this.

Malignant urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder in a young child: a rare case report.

We present a rare case report of a malignant, high-grade, urothelial bladder carcinoma in a 4-year-old boy. The tumor recurred quickly after resection. The recurrence was treated with partial cystectomy plus MVAC (methotrexate, vinblastine, Adriamycin, cisplatin).

Gastric teratoma with predominant nephroblastic elements.

Gastric teratoma is an uncommon neoplasm in infancy. Most of the gastric teratomas described have mature elements while some have immature elements. Occurrence of nephroblastic rests in gastric teratoma has not been described in available literature earlier.

Prolapse of the rectum associated with spontaneous rupture of the distal colon and evisceration of the small intestine through the anus in an infant.

Prolapse of rectum of varying degrees is a well-known entity in children. Spontaneous rupture of the rectum along with massive ileal evisceration because of increased intraabdominal pressure is a rare complication of rectal prolapse in the adults. Rectal prolapse in children is usually a benign condition.