The characteristics of patients who failed initial Kasai portoenterostomy and the long-term prognosis of those who underwent redo-Kasai: a retrospective observational study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of patients with failed initial Kasai portoenterostomy (KP) and to compare the long-term prognosis of redo-KP with that of liver transplantation (LT) in these patients.

Methods: The medical records of patients with biliary atresia (BA) who failed initial KP from 2010 to 2021 at a single center were retrospectively analyzed. KP failure was defined as persistent jaundice (total bilirubin concentration, ≥2.

Clinical implications of pediatric biliary intraepithelial neoplasia diagnosed from a choledochal cyst specimen.

Background: Biliary intraepithelial neoplasia (BilIN), a noninvasive precursor of cholangiocarcinoma, can manifest malignant transformation. Since cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) may progress due to chronic inflammation in the bile ducts and gallbladder, choledochal cysts are considered a precursor to CCA. However, BilIN has rarely been reported in children, to date.

The outcome of hiatal hernia repair and factors associated with surgical outcome in the pediatric population: a single-center experience.

Purpose: Hiatal hernia in children is a rare condition, and there is limited knowledge available about the disease itself. There is currently no agreement or consensus on the treatment of hiatal hernia in the pediatric population due to lack of evidence. In this study, we were to assess our experience with hiatal hernia, including the characteristics of our patients, surgical outcomes, and factors that influence the outcomes.

Modified patch-conduit venoplasty for portal vein hypoplasia in pediatric liver transplantation.

Background: Portal vein (PV) interposition can induce various PV-related complications, making more reliable techniques necessary. The present study describes the development of a modified patch venoplasty technique, combining the native PV wall and a vein homograft conduit, called modified patch-conduit venoplasty (MPCV).

Methods: The surgical technique for MPCV was optimized by simulation and applied to seven pediatric patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT) for biliary atresia combined with PV hypoplasia.

Long-term outcomes of liver transplantation using grafts from donors with active hepatitis B virus replication: a multicenter cohort study.

Purpose: Liver grafts from donors with HBV infection contributed to expanding the donor pool under the hepatitis B immunoglobulin and antiviral agents (nucleos(t)ide analogues) in the HBV-endemic area. We report long-term outcomes of liver transplantations (LTs) using grafts from donors with active or chronic HBV infection.

Methods: Overall, 2,260 LTs performed in 3 major hospitals in Seoul from January 2000 to April 2019 were assessed for inclusion.

Progression of a persisting mesenchymal hamartoma to intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma 24 years after the initial diagnosis: A case report.

Mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver (MHL) is a rare benign tumor that often presents in early childhood, and it rarely occurs in adulthood. Aberrant development of the portal tract is a known cause of MHL. Although limited information is available on the natural course of MHL, malignant transformation has been reported in a few cases.

A 17-year experience on bilaterality of ovarian germ cell tumors in pediatric population and its clinical implications: A single-center study.

Background: Since the incidence of ovarian germ cell tumor (GCT) in pediatric population is low, there is little information regarding this tumor. A synchronous and metachronous bilateral mass is not infrequently observed in GCT patients. It is important to prevent early ovarian failure and preserve fertility.

Laparoscopic removal of mesh migrating into the sigmoid colon after totally extraperitoneal (TEP) laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair with positive faecal occult blood test.

A 76-year-old man was referred to our clinic after a foreign body seen in his sigmoid colon during a colonoscopy. He had undergone three operations for a left inguinal hernia within the previous 8 years, and the first procedure was a laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal approach. Four years later, removal of migrated and infected mesh was conducted by open approach.

Recurrent parvovirus B19 infection-associated pure red cell aplasia in a kidney transplant patient.

Posttransplant anemia is a common complication after kidney transplantation. Parvovirus B19 (PVB19) infection can induce pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) in immunosuppressed transplant patients. We herein report a case of recurrent PVB19-associated PRCA in a kidney transplant patient.

Successful treatment of early acute antibody-mediated rejection in an human leukocyte antigen-incompatible and ABO-incompatible living-donor kidney transplant patient.

For successful human leukocyte antigen-incompatible (HLAi) or ABO-incompatible (ABOi) living-donor kidney transplantations (LDKTs), pretransplant desensitization is essential; however, early antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) remains the most important complication after HLAi or ABOi transplantation. Here, we report a case of early acute ABMR in simultaneous HLAi and ABOi LDKT with preformed donor-specific antibody (DSA), despite desensitization. Dialysis-dependent, severe ABMR occurred with a rebound of pre-existing DSA and appearance of de novo DSA after initial normalization of renal function, 8 days postoperatively.

Sedative and analgesic effects of intravenous xylazine and tramadol on horses.

This study was performed to evaluate the sedative and analgesic effects of xylazine (X) and tramadol (T) intravenously (IV) administered to horses. Six thoroughbred saddle horses each received X (1.0 mg/kg), T (2.