Unveiling the multifaceted roles of microRNAs in extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells: implications in tumor progression and therapeutic interventions.

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have the capacity to migrate to tumor sites and transmit paracrine signals by secreting extracellular vesicles (EVs) to regulate tumor biological behaviors. MSC-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) have similar tumor tropism and pro- or anti-tumorigenesis as their parental cells and exhibit superior properties in drug delivery. MSC-EVs can transfer microRNAs (miRNAs) to tumor cells, thereby manipulating multiple key cancer-related pathways, and further playing a vital role in the tumor growth, metastasis, drug resistance and other aspects.