Improved STR profiles from improvised explosive device (IED): fluorescence latent DNA detection and direct PCR.

Bombing accounts for the largest share of terrorist incidents worldwide. Most involve an improvised explosive device (IED): a bomb made from household items. Touch DNA may be left on parts of an IED during assembly.

Direct-STR typing from presumptively-tested and untreated body fluids.

Body fluids provide key pieces of information for a forensic investigation. However, sometimes only a small amount of body fluids is found and/or DNA are also degraded by environmental factors at the crime scene. In extreme cases, a forensic analyst may have to decide whether to perform a presumptive test on the stains or proceed straightaway to DNA profiling, which could be wasteful for non-biological stains.