Comparative Evaluation of Continuous Thoracic Paravertebral Block and Thoracic Epidural Analgesia Techniques for Post-operative Pain Relief in Patients Undergoing Open Nephrectomy: A Prospective, Randomized, Single-blind Study.

Background: Open surgical procedures are associated with substantial postoperative pain; an alternative method providing adequate pain relief with minimal side effects is very much required.

Aim: The aim of this study was a comparative evaluation of the efficacy of continuous thoracic paravertebral block (PVB) and thoracic epidural analgesia (EA) for postoperative pain relief in patients undergoing open nephrectomy.

Settings And Design: Prospective, randomized, and single-blind study.

The effect of Valsalva maneuver in attenuating skin puncture pain during spinal anesthesia: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Valsalva maneuver reduces pain by activating sinoaortic baroreceptor reflex arc. We planned this study to evaluate the role of valsalva in attenuating spinal needle-puncture pain.

Methods: Ninety American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade I and II enrolled patients undergoing elective surgery were randomized into 3 groups of 30 each.

Comparative evaluation of esmolol and dexmedetomidine for attenuation of sympathomimetic response to laryngoscopy and intubation in neurosurgical patients.

Background And Aims: The present study compared the efficacy of esmolol and dexmedetomidine for attenuation of the sympathomimetic response to laryngoscopy and intubation in elective neurosurgical patients.

Material And Methods: A total of 90 patients aged 20-60 years, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I or II, either sex, scheduled for elective neurosurgical procedures were included in this study. Patients were randomly allocated to three equal groups of 30 each comprising of Control group (group C) 20 ml 0.