Assessment of Sacculocollic and Vestibulomasseteric Reflex Pathways in Individuals With Migraine and Vestibular Migraine.

Purpose: The study's objective was to evaluate the functioning of sacculocollic and vestibulomasseteric reflex pathways in individuals with vestibular migraine and migraine.

Method: Seventy-five participants aged 18-50 years were selected for the study. Participants were divided into three groups.

Masseter and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in individuals with auditory neuropathy.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the functional integrity of vestibulo-masseteric and sacculo-collic reflex pathways in individuals with Auditory Neuropathy (AN). The study also aimed at finding the correlation between mVEMP and cVEMP response parameters for AN and healthy individuals.

Design: Standard group comparison research design.

The patterns of anti-compensatory saccades of the SHIMP paradigm can differentiate vestibular migraine from healthy individuals.

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to characterize the HIMP and SHIMP test findings in individuals with vestibular migraine.

Method: The study comprised two groups- group I consisted of twenty five adults diagnosed with Vestibular migraine, and group II comprised twenty-five age matched healthy individuals. HIMP & SHIMP were administered using the ICS impulse system for both groups.

Masseter Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials: A new tool to assess the vestibulomasseteric reflex pathway.

Purpose: This review article provides the readers with an in-depth insight in understanding and interpreting various research literatures on the masseter vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (mVEMP). The article also reviews the contemporary researches involving the clinical applications of the mVEMP.

Conclusions: Masseter VEMP is an evolving yet clinically promising neuro-otology test tool that has recently gained more research interest and is considered an additional tool to diagnose various vestibular disorders.

VOR gain of lateral semicircular canal using video head impulse test in acute unilateral vestibular hypofunction: A systematic review.

Introduction: Acute unilateral vestibular hypofunction is characterized by sudden onset of vertigo or dizziness, vomiting/nausea, gait instability, and nystagmus. This is commonly described as an acute vestibular syndrome and usually attributed to vestibular neuritis; however, up to 25% of acute vestibular syndrome is caused by a stroke of posterior circulations. The video head impulse test is a recent tool in the vestibular test battery that assesses the vestibule-ocular reflex by measuring the VOR gain and recording overt and covert saccades, these findings have been found to be helpful in the diagnosis of various vestibular disorders.

Effect of Electrode Montage on 500-Hz Tone Burst Evoked Masseter Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential.

Purpose: Masseter vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) are short-latency myogenic responses obtained in response to electric or acoustic stimulation. It is a relatively newer test that helps assess the vestibulo-trigeminal pathway, thereby gaining more interest in brainstem pathologies like Parkinsonism, multiple sclerosis, and idiopathic random eye movement disorders. The purpose of the study was to compare the effect of zygomatic versus mandibular reference montage on the latency and amplitude of masseter VEMP (mVEMP) using a 500-Hz tone burst stimulus.

Head Impulse Test Paradigm and Suppression Head Impulse Test Paradigm in Individuals With and Without Motion Sickness.

Purpose This study aimed to assess the vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) gain using both the Head Impulse Test Paradigm (HIMP) and Suppressive Head Impulse Test Paradigm (SHIMP) in individuals with motion sickness. Method Fifty eight participants (58 females) in the age range of 18-25 years were recruited for the study. The participants were divided into two groups, Group A had 29 participants with no motion sickness, and Group B consisted of 29 individuals who had motion sickness.

Effect of Loading on the Adhesion and Frictional Characteristics of Top Layer Articular Cartilage Nanoscale Contact: A Molecular Dynamics Study.

Articular cartilage is a water-lubricated naturally occurring biological interface imparting unique mechanical and ultralow frictional properties in bone joints. Although the material of cartilage, synovial fluid composition, and their lubricating modes and properties have been extensively investigated at various scales experimentally, there is still a lack of understanding of load bearing, adhesion, and friction mechanisms of the cartilage-cartilage interface from an atomistic perspective under heavy loads. In this study, the effect of loading on adhesion and frictional behavior in articular cartilage is investigated with a proposed atomistic model for top layer cartilage-cartilage contact in unhydrated conditions using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.

Importance of Vestibulo-ocular Reflex Gain and Refixation Saccade Analysis in Individuals with Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder.

 Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) features the presence of otoacoustic emissions, poor speech identification score and absent auditory brainstem response.  The present study was designed to evaluate the functioning of all six semicircular canals in individuals with ANSD and to compare it with those of normal-hearing individuals.  A total of 50 individuals participated in the present study, in which Group I comprised 25 normal-hearing individuals, and Group II comprised 25 individuals with ANSD.

Higher Asymmetry Ratio and Refixation Saccades in Individuals with Motion Sickness.

Background: Motion sickness is a complex autonomic phenomenon caused by the intersensory conflict among the balancing systems, resulting in a mismatch of signals between static physical conditions of the susceptible individual exposed to dynamic environment.

Purpose: The present study was done to assess the sacculocollic reflex pathway and six semicircular canals in individuals susceptible to motion sickness.

Research Design: Standard group comparison was used.

Speech evoked auditory brainstem response and gap detection threshold in middle-aged individual.

This study aimed at characterizing the gap detection threshold (GDT) and speech evoked ABR (SABR) in younger and middle-aged individuals. Two groups of subjects were participated in the study which includes 15 young adults in the age range of 15-25 years and 15 middle-aged individuals in the age range of 40-60 years. SABR with stimulus/da/of 40 ms and GDT were investigated on both groups.

Assessment of VOR gain function and its test-retest reliability in normal hearing individuals.

Video head impulse test (vHIT) aids to assess all three pairs of semi-circular canals (SCCs) separately and can be utilized to find out the exact site of lesion in any three SCCs by measuring vestibulo ocular reflex (VOR) gain. VOR gain value of vHIT has been used to diagnose different vestibular pathologies. Hence, it is important to establish the test-retest reliability of the VOR gain parameters before it could be administered to the patients.

Cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials and caloric test results in individuals with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorders.

Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder is a type of hearing loss where outer hair cell function are normal (as evidenced by the preservation of OAEs and cochlear microphonics), whereas auditory nerve functions are abnormal (as evidenced by abnormal auditory brainstem evoked potentials beginning with wave I of the ABR) and acoustic reflexes to ipsilateral and contralateral tones are absent. It is likely that in cases with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder not only the cochlear nerve, but also the vestibular nerves might get involved. The present study was conducted with an aim of finding out the inferior and superior vestibular nerve involvement through cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials and Caloric test results respectively in individuals with Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorders.

Effect of Repetition Rate on Speech Evoked Auditory Brainstem Response in Younger and Middle Aged Individuals.

Speech evoked auditory brainstem responses depicts the neural encoding of speech at the level of brainstem. This study was designed to evaluate the neural encoding of speech at the brainstem in younger population and middle-aged population at three different repetition rates (6.9, 10.

Acoustic basis of context dependent brainstem encoding of speech.

The newfound context dependent brainstem encoding of speech is evidence of online regularity detection and modulation of the sub-cortical responses. We studied the influence of spectral structure of the contextual stimulus on context dependent encoding of speech at the brainstem, in an attempt to understand the acoustic basis for this effect. Fourteen normal hearing adults participated in a randomized true experimental design in whom brainstem responses were recorded.

Friction measurement on free standing plates using atomic force microscopy.

A method is introduced to measure friction on small, free standing objects, specifically microfabricated silicon plates, based on atomic force microscopy (AFM). An AFM tip is brought into contact with the plate resting on a substrate. The substrate is displaced laterally and, provided the AFM tip does not slide over the plate, the twisting of the AFM cantilever is used to measure the friction of the underlying plate-substrate interface.

Comparison of Cervical and Ocular Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials in Dancers and Non-Dancers.

The objective of the study was to assess the sacculocollic and otolith ocular pathway function using cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMP) and ocular vestibular myogenic potentials (oVEMP) in dancers and non dancers. Total 16 subjects participated in the study. Out of 16 participants, 8 were trained in Indian classical form of dance (dancers) and other 8 participants who were not trained in any dance form (non dancers).

Cervical and Ocular Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials Test Results in Individuals with Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorders.

Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder is a clinical disorder where the outer hair cell functioning is intact but the functioning of the auditory nerve is affected. Since, the 8(th) nerve is constituted by both the auditory and vestibular branch of nerve fibers, there are chances that the vestibular nerve might also be affected. Hence, the current study was carried out in order to determine the functioning of vestibular nerve in individuals with auditory neuropathy.

Involvement of peripheral vestibular nerve in individuals with auditory neuropathy.

The vestibulocochlear nerve is a sensory nerve that serves the organs of hearing and equilibrium. Neuropathies of the nerve, particularly auditory neuropathy may be caused by primary demyelination or by axonal diseases. In disorders affecting the cochlear nerve, it is probable that the vestibular nerve is involved as well.

Tribology and hydrophobicity of a biocompatible GPTMS/PFPE coating on Ti6Al4V surfaces.

Tribological properties of perfluoropolyether (PFPE) coated 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxy silane (GPTMS) SAMs (self-assembled monolayers) onto Ti6Al4V alloy substrate were studied using ball-on-disk experiments. GPTMS SAMs deposition onto a Ti6Al4V alloy surface was carried out using solution phase method. Ultra-thin layer of PFPE was dip-coated onto SAMs modified specimens.

Identifying the mechanisms of polymer friction through molecular dynamics simulation.

Mechanisms governing the tribological behavior of polymer-on-polymer sliding were investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. Three main mechanisms governing frictional behavior were identified. Interfacial "brushing" of molecular chain ends over one another was observed as the key contribution to frictional forces.

Tribological characterization of a biocompatible thin film of UHMWPE on Ti6Al4V and the effects of PFPE as top lubricating layer.

Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) thin film was coated onto Ti6Al4V alloy specimens using dip coating method. Tribological performance of this coating (thickness of 19.6 ± 2.

Speech evoked auditory brainstem responses: a new tool to study brainstem encoding of speech sounds.

The neural encoding of speech sound begins in the auditory nerve and travels to the auditory brainstem. Non speech stimuli such as click or tone bursts stimulus are used to check the auditory neural integrity routinely. Recently Speech evoked Auditory Brainstem measures (ABR) are being used as a tool to study the brainstem processing of Speech sounds.