Neural correlates of systemic lidocaine administration in healthy adults measured by functional MRI: a single arm open label study.

Introduction: Intravenous lidocaine is increasingly used as a nonopioid analgesic, but how it acts in the brain is incompletely understood. We conducted a functional MRI study of pain response, resting connectivity, and cognitive task performance in volunteers to elucidate the effects of lidocaine at the brain-systems level.

Methods: We enrolled 27 adults (age 22-55 yr) in this single-arm, open-label study.

Oxidant and antioxidant status among tobacco users: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Smokeless and smoking tobacco use results in increased oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, which play a major role in the causation of cancer in tobacco habituates. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a product of lipid peroxidation, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), the main enzymes in the antioxidant defense system, are assessed among tobacco users. This study gave insight into the relationship between tobacco use, oxidative stress, and antioxidant enzyme activity.

Using Natural Language Processing to Extract and Classify Symptoms Among Patients with Thyroid Dysfunction.

In the United States, more than 12% of the population will experience thyroid dysfunction. Patient symptoms often reported with thyroid dysfunction include fatigue and weight change. However, little is understood about the relationship between these symptoms documented in the outpatient setting and ordering patterns for thyroid testing among various patient groups by age and sex.

Odor-evoked layer-specific fMRI activities in the awake mouse olfactory bulb.

Awake rodent fMRI is increasingly common over the use of anesthesia since it permits behavioral paradigms and does not confound normal brain function or neurovascular coupling. It is well established that adequate acclimation to the loud fMRI environment and head fixation reduces stress in the rodents and allows for whole brain imaging with little contamination from motion. However, it is unknown whether high-resolution fMRI with increased susceptibility to motion and lower sensitivity can measure small, but spatially discrete, activations in awake mice.

Postural Disharmony Causing Myofacial Pain: A Case Report and Review of Literature of the Treatment.

Myofacial pain, a chronic painful condition of muscle origin, has numerous precipitating factors, if undiagnosed or left untreated could lead to compromised function and poor quality of life. In this case report, a female patient giving a history of 10 years of pain in the head and neck region was eventually diagnosed with myofacial pain secondary to bowing posture. The patient was successfully treated with combination of treatment modalities (TENS therapy, exercises, occlusal splint, etc.

Effectiveness of pharmacological interventions for Sjogren syndrome - A systematic review.

Background: Sjogren's Syndrome (SS) is characterized by xeropthalmia and/or xerostomia. Treating the associated salivary gland hypofunction has been challenging to the clinicians. A variety of topical and systemic therapies have been tried to restore/stimulate the gland function or replace saliva reducing the symptoms of xerostomia and to avoid the problems of diminished salivary flow.

The Effect of Photodynamic Therapy on Oral-Premalignant Lesions: A Systematic Review.

Background: Dentists now have access to a wide range of unique treatment methods as a result of substantial scientific and technological breakthroughs in the field of dentistry. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive treatment procedure that use photosensitizers, a specific wavelength of light, and the production of singlet oxygen and reactive oxygen species (ROS) to kill undesired eukaryotic cells (such as oral tumors) and harmful microbes. In several disciplines of dentistry, it is seen as a valid therapeutic option.

Comparative study of effectiveness of colposcopic examination versus visual examination for determining the biopsy site of potentially premalignant oral epithelial lesions.

Diagnosis of oral malignant and potentially premalignant oral epithelial lesions (PPOELs) cannot be based solely on clinical findings. Tissue biopsy with histopathologic examination remains the gold standard in diagnosis. Selection of a representative biopsy site becomes essential to arrive at an early and precise diagnosis which substantially reduces the incidence of morbidity and mortality from oral cancer.

Three-dimensional cone-beam computed tomographic sialography in the diagnosis and management of primary Sjögren syndrome: Report of 3 cases.

Sjögren syndrome is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of exocrine glands, predominantly the parotid and lacrimal glands, thereby resulting in oral and ocular dryness. It has been reported to occur most frequently in women between 40 and 50 years of age. Sjögren syndrome has an insidious onset, is slowly progressive, and presents a wide range of clinical manifestations, leading to delays or challenges in the diagnosis.

Histone Lysine Demethylase JMJD2D/KDM4D and Family Members Mediate Effects of Chronic Social Defeat Stress on Mouse Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Mood Disorders.

Depression, anxiety and related mood disorders are major psychiatric illnesses worldwide, and chronic stress appears to be one of the primary underlying causes. Therapeutics to treat these debilitating disorders without a relapse are limited due to the incomplete molecular understanding of their etiopathology. In addition to the well-studied genetic component, research in the past two decades has implicated diverse epigenetic mechanisms in mediating the negative effects of chronic stressful events on neural circuits.

Clinical evaluation of photodynamic therapy for the treatment of refractory oral Lichen planus - A case series.

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory, immune mediated mucocutaneous disorder of uncertain etiology. Psychologic stress has been found to be a main contributing factor in onset and progression of lesions. Most erosive OLP patients are refractory to available therapies, even corticosteroids, and report remarkable side effects.

Oral Spindle Cell Sarcoma: A Rare Case Report and Review of Literature.

Spindle cell lesions of the head and neck region are diverse in nature by means of clinical and biological heterogeneity. Though few lesions are found to be malignant, several others are benign or merely reactive in nature. Although these lesions are fairly common occurring in other parts of the body, they are very rare in the oral cavity, accounting for less than 1% of all tumours in the oral region.

Expression of Epstein-Barr virus among oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinomas in the South Indian tobacco-chewing population.

Background: Oral cancer is the sixth most common malignancy in the world. Viruses are the causative agents of approximately 10-15% of all cancers worldwide (Cancers, 6, 2014 and 2155). The tumorigenic roles of Epstein-Barr virus in oral cancer are unclear.

Sialocele of Parotid Duct: Report of Case with Review of Literature.

Parotid duct sialocele is a salivary cavity arising at the expense of parotid duct. Facial trauma is the most common cause of this rare condition. If left untreated, a sialocele may develop into a significantly large facial swelling.

Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions among chewing tobacco users: A cross-sectional study.

Context: The increasing use of chewing tobacco (CT) in the last 10-12 years has led to an increased incidence of potentially malignant oral disorders and frank oral malignancies.

Aim: To determine the frequency of oral mucosal lesions and to correlate the dose-response relationship among CT users of Bengaluru North province.

Settings And Design: This population-based cross-sectional study was conducted among a randomized cluster sample of adults in low-income group (slums), of Bengaluru North, Karnataka state, India.

Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis Among Diabetic Patients: An Emerging Trend.

Mucormycosis is an acute necrotic fungal infection with a fulminant course. Earlier considered a rare entity, mucormycosis is being reported with increasing frequency in recent years, possibly due to the increase in immunocompromised population especially diabetic patients. We report three cases of rhinocerebral mucormycosis among poorly controlled diabetic patients.

Tumour associated tissue eosinophilia as a predictor of locoregional recurrence in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Objectives: The increasing global burden of oral cancer has driven much of the focus of research to the determination of reliable prognostic markers which may have significant effects on survival and the control of post-treatment morbidity. This study was undertaken to evaluate tumour associated tissue eosinophilia (TATE) quantitatively in oral cancer specimens and observe for its possible association with tumour stage, patterns of locoregional recurrence and overall prognosis.

Study Design: 14 patients undergoing surgical resection for primary oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) were subjected to grey scale ultrasonography (USG) to assess tumour dimensions.

Clinical implications of prescribing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in oral health care--a review.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including both the traditional nonselective NSAIDs and the selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors, are widely used for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. They are routinely prescribed in dental practice for the management of pain and swelling. Their use in treating acute dental pain and chronic orofacial pain, as adjuncts to the treatment of periodontal disease, and to minimize edema following surgical procedures is well documented.

Prohexadione, a plant growth regulator, inhibits histone lysine demethylases and modulates epigenetics.

Background: Epigenetic modifications, particularly DNA methylation and posttranslational histone modifications regulate heritable changes in transcription without changes in the DNA sequence. Despite a number of studies showing clear links between environmental factors and DNA methylation, little is known about the effect of environmental factors on the recently identified histone lysine methylation. Since their identification numerous studies have establish critical role played by these enzymes in mammalian development.

Relationship between femur bone mineral density, body mass index and dental panoramic mandibular cortical width in diagnosis of elderly postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.

Objectives: To measure and determine mandibular cortical width (MCW) on the panoramic radiographs, to evaluate the usefulness of the method in identifying postmenopausal women with low femoral bone mineral densities (f- BMD) and to correlate the radiographic findings on panoramic radiographs with the f-BMD assessed by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to predict the efficacy of the radiographic method in diagnosing osteoporosis.

Materials And Methods: One hundred and twenty postmenopausal women (60 normal and 60 osteoporotic) in the age group of 50-75 y with f-BMD assessed by DXA had undergone panoramic radiographic examination. The patients were classified as normal (T-score ≥ -1.

Dental management in an encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis patient: a case report.

Sturge-Weber Syndrome (SWS) is a rare, non-hereditary, congenital neuro cutaneous disorder characterized by vascular hamartomatous proliferations affecting classically, the leptomeninges and the skin of the face and may be associated with glaucoma, seizures and mental retardation. Intraoral findings are variable. A case of Roach type II Sturge Weber syndrome is reported here that did not show any neurological disorder but revealed a prominent angiomatous enlargement of the ipsilateral maxillary gingiva.

Evaluation of nano-biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics for bone tissue engineering applications: in vitro and preliminary in vivo studies.

Reconstruction of critical sized bone injuries is a major problem that continues to inspire the design of new materials and grafts. Natural ceramics (hydroxyapatite (HA) coralline HA, or synthetic HA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) are being explored for use as scaffolds in bone tissue engineering, among several other materials. The present study evaluated the bone forming capacity of nanosize bioceramics synthesized in situ in poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA) with different ratios of HA and β-TCP; the Ca/P ratio was 1.

Wiscott Aldrich syndrome with oral involvement: a case report.

Wiskott Aldrich syndrome is an X-linked recessive disorder characterized by thrombocytopenia with microplatelets, eczema, recurrent infections, and predisposition to autoimmune disease and malignancy. It is a rare syndrome, and the incidence rate is approximately 4 in every 1 million live male births with no clear ethnic or racial predilection. The purpose of this paper was to report a case of Wiskott Aldrich syndrome with oral involvement demonstrated by 2 male siblings.

Evaluation of the accuracy, precision and validity of hydrophilic vinyl polysiloxane impression material for bite mark analysis.

The present study was undertaken to assess the accuracy, precision and validity of hydrophilic Vinyl Poly Siloxane [VPS] impression material for bite mark documentation and analysis. Medium body VPS impressions of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth among thirty subjects were taken and dental stone casts prepared. Hollow volume overlays were made and metric analysis was done using advanced imaging software like Adobe Photoshop - 9 and Image J.