How do improved lentil varieties affect farmers' livelihood status in central Bangladesh?

Lentil plays a crucial role in ensuring nutritional security for the majority of the people in Bangladesh. Different types of improved lentil varieties (ILVs) are being introduced in Bangladesh to enhance the production, productivity, and area coverage. This study aimed to explore the changes in the livelihood status of the ILVs adopters compared to the non-adopters in the central region of Bangladesh.

Natural Products in Precision Neurological Disease (Cryptococcal Meningitis): Structure-Based Phytochemical Screening of Glycyrrhiza glabra Plant Against Cryptococcus neoformans Farnesyltransferase (FTase).

Cryptococcus neoformans causes cryptococcal meningitis, which is lethal to immune-compromised people, especially AIDS patients. This study employed diverse in silico techniques to find the best phytochemical to block farnesyltransferase (FTase). Based on molecular docking, the top two compounds selected from a screening of 5807 phytochemical compounds from 29 medicinal plants were CID_8299 (hydroxyacetone) and CID_71346280 (1,7-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4,6-heptatrien-3-one), with docking scores of -5.

Moving beyond the AI sales pitch - Empowering clinicians to ask the right questions about clinical AI.

We challenge the dominant technology-centric narrative around clinical AI. To realise the true potential of the technology, clinicians must be empowered to take a whole-system perspective and assess the suitability of AI-supported tasks for their specific complex clinical setting. Key factors include the AI's capacity to augment human capabilities, evidence of clinical safety beyond general performance metrics and equitable clinical decision-making by the human-AI team.

Understanding the enablers and barriers to implementing a patient-led escalation system: a qualitative study.

Background: The management of acute deterioration following surgery remains highly variable. Patients and families can play an important role in identifying early signs of deterioration but effective contribution to escalation of care can be practically difficult to achieve. This paper reports the enablers and barriers to the implementation of patient-led escalation systems found during a process evaluation of a quality improvement programme Rescue for Emergency Surgery Patients Observed to uNdergo acute Deterioration (RESPOND).

Assessment of knowledge, attitudes, and practice regarding air pollution and health effects among general people: A multi-divisional cross-sectional study in Bangladesh.

Background: Bangladesh is one of the most densely populated countries in the world, with more than one-third of its people living in cities, and its air quality is among the worst in the world. The present study aimed to measure knowledge, attitudes and practice (KAP) towards air pollution and health effects among the general population living in the large cities in Bangladesh.

Methods: A cross-sectional e-survey was conducted between May and July 2022 among eight divisions in Bangladesh.

Economic viability of releasing Bt cotton in Bangladesh: An early insight.

Insect resistant genetically modified Bt cotton (containing a gene of ) has substantial potentiality of mounting cotton productivity. This study unveils an early insight on the economic viability of Bt cotton in Bangladesh. A total of 248 traditional cotton farmers and 8 Bt cotton experimental fields were surveyed in April 2022 for achieving the objectives.

Contextual design requirements for decision-support tools involved in weaning patients from mechanical ventilation in intensive care units.

Weaning patients from ventilation in intensive care units (ICU) is a complex task. There is a growing desire to build decision-support tools to help clinicians during this process, especially those employing Artificial Intelligence (AI). However, tools built for this purpose should fit within and ideally improve the current work environment, to ensure they can successfully integrate into clinical practice.

Interval training and cardiometabolic health in reproductive-aged females.

Physical activity and exercise training are especially important for reproductive-aged females as exercise-induced health benefits can also affect their infants. However, levels of physical inactivity remain high among females in this age group, before, during, and after pregnancy. There is a great need for practical and feasible exercise modes to increase adherence to exercise in this population, and interval training may be a time-efficient training modality.

Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Methods in Bangladesh: Present and Way Forward.

The Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR) conducts active, case-based national antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance in Bangladesh. The Capturing Data on Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns and Trends in Use in Regions of Asia (CAPTURA) project accessed aggregated retrospective data from non-IEDCR study sites and 9 IEDCR sites to understand the pattern and extent of AMR and to use analyzed data to guide ongoing and future national AMR surveillance in both public and private laboratories. Record-keeping practices, data completeness, quality control, and antimicrobial susceptibility test practices were investigated in all laboratories participating in case-based IEDCR surveillance and laboratory-based CAPTURA sites.

Key Recommendations for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance: Takeaways From the CAPTURA Project.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global public health challenge associated with 4.95 million deaths in 2019 and an estimated 10 million deaths per year by 2050 in the absence of coordinated action. A robust AMR surveillance system is therefore required to avert such a scenario.

Recording and Reporting of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Priority Variables and Its Implication on Expanding Surveillance Sites in Nepal: A CAPTURA Experience.

Data on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) from sites not participating in the National AMR surveillance network, conducted by National Public Health Laboratory (NPHL), remain largely unknown in Nepal. The "Capturing Data on Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns and Trends in Use in Regions of Asia" (CAPTURA) assessed AMR data from previously untapped data sources in Nepal. A retrospective cross-sectional data review was carried out for the AMR data recorded between January 2017 and December 2019 to analyze AMR data from 26 hospital-based laboratories and 2 diagnostic laboratories in Nepal.

Collecting Multi-country Retrospective Antimicrobial Consumption and Use Data: Challenges and Experience.

Excessive or inappropriate antimicrobial use contributes to antimicrobial resistance, emphasizing the need to monitor and document the types and quantities of antibiotics used. Thus, data on antimicrobial consumption (AMC) and antimicrobial usage (AMU) are key in informing and promoting judicious use. Our study, conducted during 2019-2023, as part of the CAPTURA project, aimed to understand the state of data availability and quality for AMC and AMU monitoring in Asia.

Utility and Evaluation of Applied Project Management Processes Within a Large Multicountry Health Systems Development Project Conducted During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic.

The increasing trends in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) continue to pose a significant threat to human health, with grave consequences in low- and middle-income countries. In collaboration with local governments and microbiology laboratories in South Asian and Southeast Asian countries, the Capturing Data on Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns and Trends in Use in Regions of Asia (CAPTURA) project worked to identify gaps and expand the volume of existing AMR data to inform decision-makers on how to best strengthen their national AMR surveillance capacity. This article describes overall project management processes and the strategies implemented to address the disruptive impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the project activities across diverse contexts in different countries.

Methodological Approach to Identify and Expand the Volume of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Data in the Human Health Sector in Low- and Middle-Income Countries in Asia: Implications for Local and Regional AMR Surveillance Systems Strengthening.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a multifaceted global health problem disproportionately affecting low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The Capturing data on Antimicrobial resistance Patterns and Trends in Use in Regions of Asia (CAPTURA) project was tasked to expand the volume of AMR and antimicrobial use data in Asia. The CAPTURA project used 2 data-collection streams: facility data and project metadata.

Effective Stakeholder Engagement for Collation, Analysis and Expansion of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Data: A CAPTURA Experience.

Background: An effective implementation of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance projects requires sustainable and multidisciplinary engagement with stakeholders from various backgrounds, interests and aims. The "Capturing Data on Antimicrobial resistance Patterns and Trends in Use in Regions of Asia" (CAPTURA) project, funded by the Fleming Fund, initially targeted 12 countries in South Asia (SA) and Southeast Asia (SEA) to "expand the volume of historical and current data on AMR and antimicrobial usage" and support local agencies through capacity building activities.

Methods: In this article, we focus on early stakeholder engagement activities and present overall statistics on AMR data collated from 72 laboratories across seven countries.

Stratigraphic, sedimentological, geochemical, mineralogical and geochronological data characterizing the Upper Miocene sequence of the Turiec Basin, Western Carpathians (Central Europe).

The data included in this article specify the characteristics of the Upper Miocene fill of the Turiec Basin and served for reconstruction of temporal evolution of depositional systems in this intermontane basin located within the Western Carpathians (Central Europe). The borehole lithological log data were used to describe the stratigraphy of the Turiec Basin in geological sections and were gained in the Geofond archive of the State Geological Institute of Dionýz Štúr. The sedimentological data were acquired by field research applying facies analysis to nine outcrop sites.

Uncovering the knowledge gaps: A survey on human monkeypox infection among men who have sex with men in Nepal.

The monkeypox virus (MPOX) poses a major threat to the health of people, particularly among men who have sex with men (MSM). However, the knowledge regarding MPOX among MSM in Nepal is poorly understood. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the knowledge of human monkeypox among Nepalese MSM.

Digital health and care: emerging from pandemic times.

In 2020, we published an editorial about the massive disruption of health and care services caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the rapid changes in digital service delivery, artificial intelligence and data sharing that were taking place at the time. Now, 3 years later, we describe how these developments have progressed since, reflect on lessons learnt and consider key challenges and opportunities ahead by reviewing significant developments reported in the literature. As before, the three key areas we consider are digital transformation of services, realising the potential of artificial intelligence and wise data sharing to facilitate learning health systems.

Randomised controlled trial of preconception lifestyle intervention on maternal and offspring health in people with increased risk of gestational diabetes: study protocol for the BEFORE THE BEGINNING trial.

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with increased risk for type 2 diabetes in the mother and cardiometabolic diseases in the child. The preconception period is an optimal window to adapt the lifestyle for improved outcomes for both mother and child. Our aim is to determine the effect of a lifestyle intervention, initiated before and continued throughout pregnancy, on maternal glucose tolerance and other maternal and infant cardiometabolic outcomes.

Adoption of improved management practices of livestock: Case of small-scale farmers in rural Bangladesh.

This study examines the drivers of improved livestock management practices (ILMP) adoption in rural Bangladesh using data from the International Food Policy Research Institute's (IFPRI) Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey (BIHS). This study investigated four improved management practices: artificial insemination, concentrate feed, vaccination, and deworming. The binary logit and multivariate probit (MVP) models were used to analyse the data.