Metabolomic characterization of congenital microtia: a possible analysis for early diagnosis.

Background: Although metabolic abnormalities have been deemed one of the essential risk factors for growth and development, the relationship between metabolic abnormalities and microtia is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to establish a cell model of microtia and the changes of serum metabolites in patients with microtia.

Methods: After constructing a cell model of microtia with low expression of BMP5, we performed integrative metabolomics analysis.

Mitochondrial dysfunction resulting from the down-regulation of bone morphogenetic protein 5 may cause microtia.

Background: Bone morphogenetic protein 5 (BMP5) has been identified as one of the important risk factors for microtia; however, the link between them has yet to be clarified. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the relationship of BMP5 with mitochondrial function and investigate the specific role of mitochondria in regulating microtia development.

Methods: BMP5 expression was measured in auricular cartilage tissues from patients with and without microtia.

Characteristics of 43 multiple auricular deformity case families and auricle morphology in 463 microtia patients in South China.

Background: Earlier studies have suggested that microtia is a genetic disease with a worldwide incidence of microtia is between 0.83/10,000 and 17.40/10,000.

Round Window Niche Drilling with Intratympanic Steroid Is a Salvage Therapy of Sudden Hearing Loss.

Objective: To explore the effectiveness and safety of round window niche drilling combined with intratympanic methylprednisolone injection for the salvage treatment of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) and its associated tinnitus after failed primary treatment.

Method: SSNHL patients who showed a less than 10-dB improvement of pure-tone average after receiving standard systemic treatment and intratympanic steroid injection were enrolled. All included patients were randomly divided into two groups (control and study).

Effects of combination of balloon Eustachian tuboplasty with methylprednisolone irrigation on treatment of chronic otitis media with effusion in adults.

Purpose: Adult chronic otitis media with effusion (COME) is characterized by Eustachian tube dysfunction and mucosal inflammation, which management has long been a challenge because of high recurrence. This study was to investigate the pathological changes of Eustachian tube mucosa and optimized treatment.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective study of four groups: I: tympanic paracentesis, II: balloon Eustachian tuboplasty (BET), III: BET plus tympanic paracentesis, IV: BET and tympanic paracentesis with methylprednisolone irrigation.

TLR4 drives the pathogenesis of acquired cholesteatoma by promoting local inflammation and bone destruction.

Acquired cholesteatoma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by both hyperkeratinized squamous epithelial overgrowth and bone destruction. Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation and subsequent inflammatory cytokine production are closely associated with inflammatory bone disease. However, the expression and function of TLRs in cholesteatoma remain unclear.

Attenuated TLRs in middle ear mucosa contributes to susceptibility of chronic suppurative otitis media.

The variability in the recovery of otitis media (OM) is not well understood. Recent data have shown a critical role for toll-like receptors (TLRs) in inflammatory responses to bacteria. It remains unclear whether TLRs-mediated mucosal immunity plays a role in the OM recovery.

[Effect of nasal cavity expansion surgery on chronic nasal obstructive diseases on the blood supply of the cerebral arterial system].

Objective: To investigate the effect of nasal cavity expansion surgery on the abnormal blood supply of the cerebral arterial system.

Methods: Fifty-nine inpatients with abnormal blood supply of cerebral arterial system confirmed by transcranial doppler (TCD) and chronic nasal obstructive diseases were included in this study. All patients accepted nasal cavity expansion surgery and were followed-up with TCD every month after operation until TCD became normal, or up to seven months even if the TCD was still abnormal.

[Clinical significance of intact canal wall mastoidectomy combined with facial recess opening in the treatment of secretory otitis media of children].

Objective: To investigate the clinical significance of intact canal wall mastoidectomy combined with facial recess opening in the treatment of secretory otitis media of children.

Methods: The clinical data of 17 children (19 ears) with recurrent secretory otitis media yet failed tube insertion more than 3 times, and treated with intact canal wall mastoidectomy combined with facial recess opening, in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of SUN Yat-sen University, were reviewed. And because of the eustachian tube dysfunction, 7 ears simultaneously accepted tube insertion, which were removed after 1 to 3 months.

[Long-term therapeutic effects of repairing the whole auricular defects with osseointegrated prosthetic ears].

Objective: To evaluate the long-term therapeutic effects of repairing the whole auricular defects with osseointegrated prosthetic ears.

Methods: From January 2002 to December 2005, 62 patients (63 ears) with the whole auricular defects were treated with osseointegrated prosthetic ears and followed up for 5 - 8 years (median 6.5 years) after operations.

Classification and surgical management of localized attic cholesteatoma: single-institution experience and follow-up.

Objectives: To present an effective system for the evaluation and surgical management of localized attic cholesteatoma, as well as describing the follow-up of patients treated at our institution.

Study Design: Retrospective review of single-institution experience.

Methods: A total of 71 patients (71 ears) with localized attic cholesteatoma received atticotomies.

Modification of closed tympanoplasty in middle ear cholesteatoma.

Background: Classic mastoidectomy and modified mastoidectomy are traditional surgical procedures for middle ear cholesteatoma with goals of eradicating diseases, creating dry ears and preventing severe complications. However, the drawback of these procedures is the lack of hearing improvement. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the effects and safety of a modification of closed tympanoplasty for middle ear cholesteatoma.

[Effects of Rhodiola rosea on body weight and intake of sucrose and water in depressive rats induced by chronic mild stress].

Objective: To explore the effects of Rhodiola rosea on the body weight and the intake of sucrose and water in depressive rats induced by chronic mild stress.dz

Methods: A total of 70 male SD rats were divided into seven groups, including normal control group (treated with 0.5% sodium carboxymethycellulose), untreated group, negative control group (treated with 0.

Malformation of the external ear and facial paralysis caused by megatemperature hydro-aluminum.

We present a case of right lateral auricle contracture malformation, auricular canal atresia, and complete facial paralysis (House-Brackmann grade VI) caused by a megatemperature hydro-aluminum injury at work. The diastrophic auricle and auricular canal atresia were reshaped. The complete facial paralysis was reanimated to House-Brackmann grade III after surgical hypoglossal-facial end-to-end anastomosis.

[Effects of Valerian on the level of 5-hydroxytryptamine, cell proliferation and neurons in cerebral hippocampus of rats with depression induced by chronic mild stress].

Objective: To explore the effects of Valerian on the level of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), cell proliferation and neuron number in cerebral hippocampus of rats with depression induced by chronic mild stress.

Methods: Seventy rats were divided into 7 groups: normal control, untreated, negative control, positive control, and low-, medium- and high-dose Valerian-treated groups. There were 10 rats in each group.

[Ganoderma spores may regulate the levels of mitochondria-related molecular substances in hippocampus of young rats birthed by rats with gestational hypertension].

Objective: To investigate the effects of Ganoderma spores on mitochondria-related molecular substances in hippocampus of young rats birthed by rats with gestational hypertension.

Methods: Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor Nw-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME) was intraperitoneally injected into pregnant rats to induce gestational hypertension, and Ganoderma spores were administered orally. The effects of Ganoderma spores on levels of mitochondria-related molecular substances in hippocampus of young rats birthed by the rats with gestational hypertension were evaluated with immunoradiometric assay of cAMP, RT-PCR analysis of related genes, and detection of enzyme activity.

Morphine acts via mu-opioid receptors to enhance spinal regeneration and synaptic reconstruction of primary afferent fibers injured by sciatic nerve crush.

The present study investigated whether morphine can promote regeneration and synaptic reconstruction of the terminals of injured primary afferent fibers in lamina II of the spinal cord in rats following sciatic nerve injury. Fluoride-resistant acid phosphatase (FRAP)-positive terminals in lamina II of the L4 spinal segment after sciatic nerve injury were assessed after treatment with vehicle, morphine, and naloxone plus morphine. Under the electron microscope, types I and II complex terminals of unmyelinated afferent fibers from the dorsal root, simple terminals of interneuronal axons, and terminals of descending axons at lamina II of the L4 spinal segment were documented in the different groups after injury.

Synergistic effect of schwann cells and retinoic acid on differentiation and synaptogenesis of hippocampal neural stem cells in vitro.

Objective: To investigate the synergistic effect of Schwann cells (SCs) and retinoic acid (RA) on differentiation and synaptogenesis of neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from hippocampus of neonatal rats.

Methods: The classical method for 2x2 factorial analysis experiment was used to assess synergistic action of SCs and RA. NSCs were treated with RA, SCs, and SCs + RA in DMEM/F12 with 0.

[Pre-administration of Ganoderma lucidum spore reduces incidence of neural tube defects induced by retinoic acid in pregnant mice].

Objective: To explore whether pre-administration of Ganoderma lucidum spore (GASP) can reduce incidence of neural tube defects (NTDs) induced by all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in pregnant mice.

Methods: Twenty pregnant mice were randomly divided into four groups: normal control group, solvent-treated group, ATRA-induced group, and GASP-treated plus ATRA-induced group. GASP solution, which was prepared with solvent (sodium carboxymethyl cellulose), was fed to the pregnant mice in the GASP-treated plus ATRA-induced group twice a day from embryo (E) 0 d to E10.

[Primary study on proteomics about Ganoderma lucidium spores promoting survival and axon regeneration of injured spinal motor neurons in rats].

Objective: To detect some proteins associated with the effect of ganoderma lucidium spores (GASP) on promoting the survival and axon regeneration of injured spinal motor neurons in rats.

Methods: The rats were divided into normal control group, untreated group and GASP-treated group, and the rats in the last two groups received ventral root avulsion. GASP preparation was fed to the rats in the GASP-treated group for 14 days.