A facile exfoliation-crystal growth route to multicomponent Ag₂CO₃/Ag-Ti₅NbO₁₄ nanohybrids with improved visible light photocatalytic activity.

Multicomponent Ag2CO3/Ag-layered Ti5NbO14 nanohybrids are synthesized by the crystal growth of silver carbonate on the surface of exfoliated layered titanoniobate 2D nanosheets. In the obtained nanohybrids, the spherical Ag2CO3 nanoparticles with a size of 5-10 nm are immobilized on the surface of the titanoniobate nanosheets with partial formation of neutral Ag metal caused by electron transfer from anionic titanoniobate nanosheets to silver cations. An electronic coupling between Ag2CO3/Ag and Ti5NbO14 nanosheets leads to a remarkable enhancement of visible light absorption and a significant depression of electron-hole recombination.

Heat shock protein 60 causes osteoclastic bone resorption via toll-like receptor-2 in estrogen deficiency.

Estrogen deficiency leads to marked increases in osteoclastic bone resorption, but the exact mechanism is unclear. Proteomic analysis was performed on the femur and tibia of ovariectomy (OVX) and sham-operated Sprague-Dawley rats using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometer (MS). Among the nine proteins differentially expressed between OVX and sham-operated rats, heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) was upregulated by 2.