Interleukin-6 and Hypoxia Synergistically Promote EMT-Mediated Invasion in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer via the IL-6/STAT3/HIF-1 Feedback Loop.

Extensive peritoneal spread and capacity for distant metastasis account for the majority of mortality from epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Accumulating evidence shows that interleukin-6 (IL-6) promotes tumor invasion and migration in EOC, although the molecular mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. Meanwhile, the hypoxic microenvironment has been recognized to cause metastasis by triggering epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in several types of cancers.

TLR4 Agonist and Hypoxia Synergistically Promote the Formation of TLR4/NF-B/HIF-1 Loop in Human Epithelial Ovarian Cancer.

Inflammation and hypoxia are involved in numerous cancer progressions. Reportedly, the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-B) pathway and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) are activated and closely related to the chemoresistance and poor prognosis of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). However, the potential correlation between TLR4/NF-B and HIF-1 remains largely unknown in EOC.

IL-6 promotes nuclear translocation of HIF-1α to aggravate chemoresistance of ovarian cancer cells.

The inflammatory milieu in tumor modulates the resistance to the conventional antitumoral therapies. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine and a crucial mediator of tumor development, has been targeted as a therapeutic strategy to overcome chemoresistance in the treatment of tumors. The protein levels and nuclear translocation of HIFs (hypoxia-inducible factors), such as HIF-1α, are linked to the drug resistance of tumor cells.

Workplace bullying among Nurses in South Taiwan.

Aims And Objectives: This study was to investigate bullying among hospital nurses and its correlates.

Background: Chinese people were unlikely to express their opinions or pursue individual rights. Workplace bullying took place more easily among the educated people within Chinese culture.

Characterization of allegedly musk-containing medicinal products in Taiwan.

As a highly valued ingredient of Chinese medicinal remedies, musk is used as a detoxification agent and for treating fever, inflammation and swelling, and pain. Muscone (3-methylcyclopentadecanone-1), an odoriferous secretion from the ventral glands of male musk deer, is believed to be the active ingredient. A small amount of muscopyridine is also found in the secretion from the ventral glands of male musk deer.