Trivalent outer membrane vesicles-based combination vaccine candidate induces protective immunity against Campylobacter and invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella in adult mice.

Campylobacter and invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) are among the most common causative agents of gastroenteritis worldwide. As of now, no single combination licensed vaccine is available for public health use against both iNTS and Campylobacter species. Outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) are nanoscale proteoliposomes released from the surface of gram-negative bacteria during log phase and harbor a variety of immunogenic proteins.

Development of a nano-emulsion based multivalent protein subunit vaccine against .

(Pa) is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen responsible for severe hospital acquired infections in immunocompromised and elderly individuals. Emergence of increasingly drug resistant strains and the absence of a broad-spectrum prophylactic vaccine against both T3SA (type III secretion apparatus) and ExlA/T3SA Pa strains worsen the situation in a post-pandemic world. Thus, we formulated a candidate subunit vaccine (called ExlA/L-PaF/BECC/ME) against both Pa types.

Pentavalent outer membrane vesicles immunized mice sera confers passive protection against five prevalent pathotypes of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli in neonatal mice.

Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) pathotypes are one of the major causative agents of diarrhoea induced childhood morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Licensed vaccines providing broad spectrum protection against DEC mediated infections are not available. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are microvesicles released by gram-negative bacteria during the growth phase and contain multiple immunogenic proteins.

Bacterial ghost cell based bivalent candidate vaccine against Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A: A prophylactic study in BALB/c mice.

Typhoid and emerging paratyphoid fever are a severe enteric disease worldwide with high morbidity and mortality. Licensed typhoid vaccines are in the market, but no paratyphoid vaccine is currently available. In the present study we developed a bivalent vaccine against Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi A using a bacterial ghost platform.

A tetravalent Shigella outer membrane vesicles based candidate vaccine offered cross-protection against all the serogroups of Shigella in adult mice.

In today's world and mostly in low and middle income countries, Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei remains the major causative agent of clinical bacillary dysentery. Based on contemporary epidemiology, a tetravalent Outer Membrane Vesicle (OMVs) based immunogen was formulated using the most commonly circulating Shigella strains, namely, S. flexneri 2a, S.

An Experimental Adult Zebrafish Model for Pathogenesis, Transmission, and Vaccine Efficacy Studies.

Shigellosis has been a menace to society for ages. The absence of an effective vaccine against , improper sanitation, and unhygienic use of food and water allow the disease to flourish. can also be transmitted via natural water bodies.

Development of a novel trivalent invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella outer membrane vesicles based vaccine against salmonellosis and fowl typhoid in chickens.

Poultry animals act as natural reservoirs of invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella [iNTS] serovars and consumption of iNTS contaminated poultry meat and eggs is one of the major sources of iNTS infection in developed and developing countries. Irrational use of antibiotics in the poultry industry gives rise to the global emergence of multi drug resistant iNTS strains. Among different strategies to control iNTS infection in poultry farms, vaccination is now being widely used.

Development of a Self-Adjuvanting, Cross-Protective, Stable Intranasal Recombinant Vaccine for Shigellosis.

With the acquirement of antibiotic resistance, has resulted in multiple epidemics of shigellosis, an infectious diarrheal disease, causing thousands of deaths per year. Unfortunately, there are no licensed vaccines, primarily due to low or serotype-specific immunogenicity. Thus, conserved subunit vaccines utilizing recombinant invasion plasmid antigens (Ipa) have been explored as cross-protective vaccine candidates.

Bivalent non-typhoidal Salmonella outer membrane vesicles immunized mice sera confer passive protection against gastroenteritis in a suckling mice model.

Invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) serovars, especially Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) and Salmonella Enteritidis (SE), cause gastroenteritis worldwide. Due to the emergence of multi-drug resistance in iNTS, a broad-spectrum vaccine is urgently needed for the prevention of iNTS infection. Currently, there is no effective licensed vaccine against iNTS available in the market.

Molecular insights into the genome dynamics and interactions between core and acquired genomes of .

Bacterial species are hosts to horizontally acquired mobile genetic elements (MGEs), which encode virulence, toxin, antimicrobial resistance, and other metabolic functions. The bipartite genome of harbors sporadic and conserved MGEs that contribute in the disease development and survival of the pathogens. For a comprehensive understanding of dynamics of MGEs in the bacterial genome, we engineered the genome of and examined in vitro and in vivo stability of genomic islands (GIs), integrative conjugative elements (ICEs), and prophages.

Studies on formulation of a combination heat killed immunogen from diarrheagenic Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae in RITARD model.

Multiple diarrheagenic enteric bacterial infections cause global morbidity and mortality. A combination vaccine is needed to combat different diarrhea-causing organisms. In our present work, we formulated a combination of antigens from three different diarrheagenic Escherichia coli strains and three different Vibrio cholerae strains.

Development of a novel S. Typhi and Paratyphi A outer membrane vesicles based bivalent vaccine against enteric fever.

Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A are the leading causative agents of enteric fever which cause morbidity and mortality worldwide. Currently, there is no combination vaccine which could protect infection from both the strains. In this paper, we are focusing on the development of a novel bivalent typhoidal Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) based immunogen against enteric fever.

A brief review on the immunological scenario and recent developmental status of vaccines against enteric fever.

Enteric fever has been one of the leading causes of severe illness and deaths worldwide. S. Typhi and S.

Zebrafish as a novel model for non-typhoidal Salmonella pathogenesis, transmission and vaccine efficacy.

Salmonella-induced gastroenteritis causes massive morbidity and mortality in both adults and children of developing countries. However, it is difficult to study the mode of infection and vaccine efficacy due to inadequacies of current animal models. For this reason, we have explored using zebrafish as an improved model for non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) infection, including Salmonella enterica Typhimurium, Salmonella enterica Enteritidis and Salmonella enterica Weltevreden.