A trustworthy hybrid model for transparent software defect prediction: SPAM-XAI.

Maintaining quality in software development projects is becoming very difficult because the complexity of modules in the software is growing exponentially. Software defects are the primary concern, and software defect prediction (SDP) plays a crucial role in detecting faulty modules early and planning effective testing to reduce maintenance costs. However, SDP faces challenges like imbalanced data, high-dimensional features, model overfitting, and outliers.