Exploring the Architectural Biases of the Canonical Cortical Microcircuit.

The cortex plays a crucial role in various perceptual and cognitive functions, driven by its basic unit, the . Yet, we remain short of a framework that definitively explains the structure-function relationships of this fundamental neuroanatomical motif. To better understand how physical substrates of cortical circuitry facilitate their neuronal dynamics, we employ a computational approach using recurrent neural networks and representational analyses.

Various treatment modalities for isolated intracranial middle cerebral arterial dissection with progressive ischemic symptoms: 2 case reports of endovascular stent and bypass surgery.

Isolated middle cerebral artery dissection (MCAD) is rare but increasingly recognized as a significant clinical entity, particularly in younger adults. Ischemic stroke is the most common manifestation in symptomatic cases but symptoms can vary in severity from headaches to severe neurologic deficits. Due to its rarity and unpredictable clinical course, there is no established treatment strategy for isolated MCAD.

Surgical considerations and techniques using intraoperative indocyanine green angiography for ethmoidal dural arteriovenous fistula.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the efficacy of microsurgery with intraoperative indocyanine green (ICG) angiography as a treatment approach for ethmoidal dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF).

Methods: Between January 2010 and July 2021, our institution encountered a total of eight cases of ethmoidal DAVF. In each of these cases, microsurgical treatment was undertaken utilizing a bilateral sub-frontal interhemispheric approach, with the aid of intraoperative ICG angiography.

Versatile Usage of the Modified Lateral Mass Screw as an Alternative to Cervical Pedicle Screw Fixation.

Objective:  Posterior subaxial cervical screw fixation is commonly performed using the cervical pedicle screws (CPS) and lateral mass screws (LMS); however, their compatibility is low. Modified lateral mass screws (mLMS, also called paravertebral foramen screw) fixation was introduced as a salvage technique for LMS fixation and has features of both LMS and CPS techniques. In the present study, the use of mLMS as an alternative to CPS was analyzed based on clinical results.

Phase II study of safety and efficacy of BEB (bendamustine, etoposide, and busulfan) conditioning regimen for autologous stem cell transplantation in non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) is an effective treatment for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). However, recent supply issues and toxicity of carmustine have necessitated a new conditioning regimen. We conducted a multicenter, phase II study of BEB (busulfan, etoposide, and bendamustine) conditioning regimen for ASCT in patients with NHL.

Pralatrexate in patients with recurrent or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphomas: a multicenter retrospective analysis.

Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL) are a heterogeneous group of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas with poor clinical outcomes. Pralatrexate showed efficacy and safety in recurrent or refractory PTCLs. The purpose or this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of pralatrexate in relapsed or refractory PTCLs in real-world practice.

The effectiveness and safety of lenalidomide and dexamethasone in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma in real-world clinical practice: a study of the Korean Multiple Myeloma Working Party (KMMWP-151 study).

Although lenalidomide plus dexamethasone (RD) is a therapeutic option for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM), limited real-world clinical data exist. The purpose of this study was to estimate efficacy and safety of RD in RRMM patients of the clinical practice. Data from patients at 25 university hospitals in South Korea between October 2009 and December 2016 were collected retrospectively.

Mutation analysis in Korean patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Genomic studies have illuminated the alterations in pathways underlying T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) pathogenesis, but detailed mutation data by next-generation sequencing have not been reported in Korean patients. We aimed to investigate mutation frequency, spectrum, and pattern in the Korean patients with T-ALL. We designed a multigene panel targeting 101 genes and validated it using 10 reference materials.

Dose Adjustment Helps Obtain Better Outcomes in Multiple Myeloma Patients with Bortezomib, Melphalan, and Prednisolone (VMP) Treatment.

Objective: Multiple myeloma (MM) has a better survival outcome because of the development of drugs. However, equivalent outcomes cannot be expected from the same drug. Therefore, how the treatment schedule is managed is important.

Diagnosis of Cerebral Aneurysm Via Magnetic Resonance Angiography Screening: Emphasis on Legal Responsibility Increases False Positive Rate.

Purpose: False positive diagnoses of cerebral aneurysm via magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) screening may increase unnecessary cerebral catheter angiography. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of medical liability on medical decision-making during radiologic interpretation.

Materials And Methods: We included 56 consecutive patients who were referred with suspected aneurysm based on MRA or computed tomography angiography (CTA) and showed no aneurysm on subsequent digital subtraction angiography (DSA).

The association between substance P and white matter integrity in medication-naive patients with major depressive disorder.

Substance P (SP) has been implicated in major depressive disorder (MDD), with SP antagonists being studied as potential antidepressants. Although impaired neural plasticity is considered a key mechanism in MDD pathophysiology, the association between SP and brain structural changes in depression has not been investigated. We investigated the correlations between SP levels and white matter (WM) integrity in 42 medication-naive patients with MDD and 57 healthy controls (HCs).

Fosfomycin Biosynthesis via Transient Cytidylylation of 2-Hydroxyethylphosphonate by the Bifunctional Fom1 Enzyme.

Fosfomycin is a wide-spectrum phosphonate antibiotic that is used clinically to treat cystitis, tympanitis, etc. Its biosynthesis starts with the formation of a carbon-phosphorus bond catalyzed by the phosphoenolpyruvate phosphomutase Fom1. We identified an additional cytidylyltransferase (CyTase) domain at the Fom1 N-terminus in addition to the phosphoenolpyruvate phosphomutase domain at the Fom1 C-terminus.

Crystal structure of LysK, an enzyme catalyzing the last step of lysine biosynthesis in Thermus thermophilus, in complex with lysine: Insight into the mechanism for recognition of the amino-group carrier protein, LysW.

LysK is an M20 peptidase family enzyme that hydrolyzes the isopeptide bond between the carrier protein LysW and lysine in order to release lysine, which is the last step of lysine biosynthesis in Thermus thermophilus. In the present study, we determined the crystal structure of LysK in complex with lysine at a resolution of 2.4 Å.

Bench-top Comparison of Physical Properties of 4 Commercially-Available Self-Expanding Intracranial Stents.

Purpose: To better understand the performance of four commercially available neurovascular stents in intracranial aneurysm embolization, the stents were compared in terms of their basic morphological and mechanical properties.

Materials And Methods: Four different types of stents that are currently being used for cerebral aneurysm embolization were prepared (two stents per type). Two were laser-cut stents (Neuroform and Enterprise) and two were braided from a single nitinol wire (LEO and LVIS stents).

Clinical features and treatment outcome of Epstein-Barr virus-positive nodal T-cell lymphoma.

The classification of mature NK-/T-cell lymphoma mainly originating from the T-cell lineage with predominantly nodal involvement and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) positivity in a majority of tumor cells is unresolved. We analyzed the clinical features and treatment outcomes of such patients. Five patients with EBV-positive nodal T-cell lymphoma were surveyed during follow-up period.

L-asparaginase-based regimens followed by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation improve outcomes in aggressive natural killer cell leukemia.

Aggressive nature killer cell leukemia (ANKL) is a mature NK-T cell lymphoma with worse prognosis, but optimal treatment is unclear. Therefore, we analyzed the efficacy of L-asparaginase-based regimens for ANKL patients. Twenty-one patients who received dexamethasone, methotrexate, ifosfamide, L-asparaginase, and etoposide (SMILE) or etoposide, ifosfamide, dexamethasone, and L-asparaginase (VIDL) chemotherapy at Samsung Medical Center were selected.

Clinical Features and Survival of Patients With Follicular Lymphoma in Korea.

Background: The incidence of follicular lymphoma (FL) varies according to geographic location. It is the second most common non-Hodgkin lymphoma in Western countries but has a very low incidence in Asia. Thus, no representative data are available for FL.

Modified one-day etoposide and cisplatin combination for previously untreated extensive-disease small-cell lung cancer: A retrospective evaluation of 36 cases.

The combination of etoposide and cisplatin (EP) remains one of the standard first-line treatments for extensive-disease small-cell lung cancer (ED-SCLC) We devised a one-day modified EP regimen for better tolerance and convenience by modifying the dose and schedule of conventional EP with administration over 3-5 consecutive days. The modified EP consists of two infusions of etoposide (120 mg/m each) and 60 mg/m of cisplatin on day 1 of a 21-day cycle and a maximum of 6 cycles of treatment. A total of 36 consecutive ED-SCLC patients were treated with the modified EP as first-line therapy and retrospectively reviewed to assess the efficacy and safety of this regimen.

Statin use has negative clinical impact on non-germinal center in patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma in rituximab era.

Rituximab improved prognosis in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). However, activity of rituximab may be reduced by conformational change in CD20 by statin-induced cholesterol depletion. Conformation change in CD20 could impair the binding of rituximab and significantly decrease the killing effect of lymphoma cells.