Highly accurate and effective deep neural networks in pathological diagnosis of prostate cancer.

Purpose: To established an AI system to make the pathological diagnosis of prostate cancer.

Methods: Prostate histopathological whole mount (WM) sections from patients underwent robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy were prepared. All the prostate WM pathological sections were converted to digital image data and marked with different colors on the basis of the ISUP Gleason grade group.

Magnesium Isoglycyrrhizinate Reduces the Target-Binding Amount of Cisplatin to Mitochondrial DNA and Renal Injury through SIRT3.

Nephrotoxicity is the dose-limiting factor of cisplatin treatment. Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate (MgIG) has been reported to ameliorate renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect and possible mechanisms of MgIG against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity from the perspective of cellular pharmacokinetics.

The Role of SLC7A11 in Cancer: Friend or Foe?

SLC7A11 controls the uptake of extracellular cystine in exchange for glutamate at a ratio of 1:1, and it is overexpressed in a variety of tumours. Accumulating evidence has shown that the expression of SLC7A11 is fine-tuned at multiple levels, and plays diverse functional and pharmacological roles in tumours, such as cellular redox homeostasis, cell growth and death, and cell metabolism. Many reports have suggested that the inhibition of SLC7A11 expression and activity is favourable for tumour therapy; thus, SLC7A11 is regarded as a potential therapeutic target.

Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT Parameter Correlates with Pathological VEGFR-2/PDGFR-β Expression in Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients.

Background: Response prediction is necessary for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) tumors. We aim to evaluate parameters derived from  Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT images for prediction of pathological VEGFR-2/PDGFR-β expression of primary RCC tumors.

Methods: Forty-eight RCC patients were retrospectively enrolled with preoperative  Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT scan and surgical specimen.

Prediction of Biochemical Recurrence After Radical Prostatectomy Based on Preoperative Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT.

Purpose: This study was designed to investigate the prognostic role of preoperative Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT in predicting biochemical recurrence (BCR) of localized prostate cancer (PCa) after radical prostatectomy (RP).

Methods: A total of 77 biopsy-confirmed PCa patients with Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT prior to RP were included. A PSMA-ligand PET/CT-based risk model with SUV, maximum diameter of the index tumor and T stage was developed for prediction of 2-year BCR using Cox regression analysis.

Can Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT predict pathological upgrading of prostate cancer from MRI-targeted biopsy to radical prostatectomy?

Purpose: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PSMA-PET) is an ideal tool for staging and restaging of prostate cancer (PCa). This study was designed to investigate the prognostic role of preoperative Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT in predicting pathological upgrading from multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging-targeted biopsy (mpMRI-TB) to final radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens in patients with localized PCa.

Methods: A total of 67 biopsy-confirmed localized PCa patients with mpMRI and Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT prior to RP were included.

Cystine supplementation rebalances the redox homeostasis of microenvironment in non-small cell lung cancer cells and reverses their resistance to docetaxel.

Continuous docetaxel (DTX) treatment of non-small cell lung cancer induces development of drug resistance, but the mechanism is poorly understood. In this study we performed metabolomics analysis to characterize the metabolic patterns of sensitive and resistant A549 non-small cell lung cancer cells (A549/DTX cells). We showed that the sensitive and resistant A549 cells exhibited distinct metabolic phenotypes: the resistant cells were characterized by an altered microenvironment of redox homeostasis with reduced glutathione and elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Functional and oncologic outcomes of robot-assisted simple enucleation with and without renal arterial cold perfusion in complex renal tumors: a propensity score-matched analysis.

Background: To compare robot-assisted simple enucleation with renal arterial cold perfusion (RACP-RASE) and RASE alone in complex renal tumors with regard to perioperative, functional and oncologic outcomes by propensity score-matched analysis.

Methods: Data from 351 patients who underwent RACP-RASE or RASE for complex renal tumors were recorded between September 2014 and December 2017. Propensity score-matched analysis was performed on age, sex, BMI, ECOG score, tumor side and size, preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), RENAL score and PADUA score.

Can Ga-PSMA-11 Positron Emission Tomography/Computerized Tomography Predict Pathological Response of Primary Prostate Cancer to Neoadjuvant Androgen Deprivation Therapy? A Pilot Study.

Purpose: We explored the role of Ga-PSMA-11 positron emission/computerized tomography as a predictor of pathological response to neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy combined with abiraterone for high risk prostate cancer.

Materials And Methods: A total of 45 patients with localized high risk prostate cancer who had serial Ga-PSMA-11 positron emission tomography/computerized tomography scans before and after 6 months of androgen deprivation therapy plus abiraterone neoadjuvant treatment followed by radical prostatectomy were included in this study. Complete pathological response or minimal residual disease <5 mm on whole mount histopathology was defined as favorable pathological response.

Retzius-sparing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy improves early recovery of urinary continence: a randomized, controlled, single-blind trial with a 1-year follow-up.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of Retzius-sparing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (posterior approach) on early recovery of urinary continence (UC) compared to the conventional approach (anterior approach) for the treatment of clinically localized prostate cancer (PCa).

Methods: A total of 110 consecutive patients with clinically localized PCa were prospectively randomized in a 1:1 ratio to an anterior group (n = 55) or a posterior group (n = 55). The primary outcome was immediate UC, defined as freedom from any pad use within 1 week after removal of the urinary catheter.

Reduced Neuronal cAMP in the Nucleus Accumbens Damages Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity and Promotes Stress Vulnerability.

Background: Studies have suggested that chronic social stress specifically downregulates endothelial tight junction protein expression in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), thus increasing blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and promoting depression-like behaviors. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the reduction in tight junction protein, particularly in the NAc, is largely uncharacterized.

Methods: We performed comparative metabolomic profiling of the nucleus accumbens, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus of social defeat-stressed mice to identify the molecular events that mediate BBB breakdown.

Endoscopic Robot-assisted Simple Enucleation Versus Laparoscopic Simple Enucleation With Single-layer Renorrhaphy in Localized Renal Tumors: A Propensity Score-matched Analysis From a High-volume Centre.

Objective: To compare perioperative results and early oncological outcomes of endoscopic robot-assisted simple enucleation (ERASE) and laparoscopic simple enucleation (LSE) by using a propensity score-matched analysis.

Methods: We evaluated 383 patients who underwent transperitoneal ERASE or LSE for renal tumors from November 2012 to October 2016. Propensity score matching was performed on age, gender, body mass index, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score, tumor side and size, preoperative estimated GFR and PADUA score.

GCN2 is a potential prognostic biomarker for human papillary renal cell carcinoma.

Postoperative recurrence for papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) remains a tough problem in clinic. Previous studies have shown that general control nonderepressible kinase 2 (GCN2) was critically involved in tumour development. However, its function and clinical significance in renal cancer remain unknown.

Perioperative outcomes of zero ischemia radiofrequency ablation-assisted tumor enucleation for renal cell carcinoma: results of 182 patients.

Background: To evaluate the perioperative outcomes of zero ischemia radiofrequency ablation-assisted tumor enucleation.

Methods: Patients undergoing zero ischemia radiofrequency ablation-assisted tumor enucleation were retrospectively identified from July 2008 to March 2013. The tumor was enucleated after RFA treatment.

The miR-486-5p plays a causative role in prostate cancer through negative regulation of multiple tumor suppressor pathways.

MicroRNAs have been broadly implicated in cancer, but their exact function and mechanism in carcinogenesis remain poorly understood. Aberrant miR-486-5p expression is frequently found in human cancers. Here we showed a significant overexpression of miR-486-5p in prostate cancer compared with that in normal tissue and cells, and we proposed that altered expression of miR-486-5p in the prostate contributed to prostate cancer.

Triptolide induces Sertoli cell apoptosis in mice via ROS/JNK-dependent activation of the mitochondrial pathway and inhibition of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response.

Triptolide (TP), an oxygenated diterpene, has a variety of beneficial pharmacodynamic activities but its clinical applications are restricted due to severe testicular injury. This study aimed to delineate the molecular mechanisms of TP-induced testicular injury in vitro and in vivo. TP (5-50000 nmol/L) dose-dependently decreased the viability of TM4 Sertoli cells with an IC value of 669.

Floating Hydrogel with Self-Generating Micro-Bubbles for Intravesical Instillation.

Intravesical instillation is the main therapy for bladder cancer and interstitial cystitis. However, most drug solutions are eliminated from bladder after the first voiding of urine. To solve this problem, we proposed a floating hydrogel with self-generating micro-bubbles as a new delivery system.

Histopathologic analysis of tumor bed and peritumoral pseudocapsule after in vitro tumor enucleation on radical nephrectomy specimen for clinical T1b renal cell carcinoma.

Purpose: This study was designed to assess the feasibility and histopathologic safety of tumor enucleation for renal cell carcinoma, through histopathologic analysis of the tumor bed and peritumoral pseudocapsule (PC) after in vitro tumor enucleation.

Materials And Methods: We studied 176 radical nephrectomy specimens for clinical T1b renal cell carcinoma in our institution, from January 2013-February 2016. Immediately after the kidney was excised, the tumor of radical specimen was enucleated in vitro.

Highly effective photothermal chemotherapy with pH-responsive polymer-coated drug-loaded melanin-like nanoparticles.

Dopamine is a neurotransmitter commonly used in clinical treatment. Polydopamine (PDA) has excellent histocompatibility and biosafety and can efficiently convert near-infrared reflection (NIR) to thermal energy. In this study, PDA was used as a promising carrier, and pH-responsive polymer-coated drug-loaded PDA nanoparticles (NPs; doxorubicin@ poly(allylamine)-citraconic anhydride [Dox@PAH-cit]/PDA NPs) were developed.

Comparison of free-hand transperineal mpMRI/TRUS fusion-guided biopsy with transperineal 12-core systematic biopsy for the diagnosis of prostate cancer: a single-center prospective study in China.

Objectives: To prospectively compare biopsy outcomes between free-hand transperineal mpMRI/TRUS fusion targeted biopsy (TB) and transperineal systematic biopsy (SB) in patients with first prostate biopsy.

Patients And Methods: In all, 224 consecutive patients with the suspicion of PCa were investigated. All patients were evaluated by 3.

miR-138-5p contributes to cell proliferation and invasion by targeting Survivin in bladder cancer cells.

Background: Survivin (encoded by the gene BIRC5) plays an important role in the carcinogenesis of bladder cancer. Identifying miRNAs that target Survivin in the setting of bladder cancer will help to develop Survivin-based therapies for bladder cancer.

Methods: The expression levels of miR-138-5p and Survivin protein were measured in 12 resected bladder cancer specimens.

Modified laparoscopic simple enucleation with single-layer suture technique versus standard laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for treating localized renal cell carcinoma.

Objectives: To compare modified laparoscopic simple enucleation (MLSE) and standard laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (SLPN) for treating localized renal cell carcinoma in our large institutional experience.

Methods: We evaluated 385 consecutive patients who underwent MLSE or SLPN for renal tumors in our institution from January 2013 to December 2015 in terms of perioperative pathological and oncologic outcome variables. During MLSE, the single-layer suture technique was performed for renal reconstruction.