Impacts of mesenchymal stem cells and hyaluronic acid on inflammatory indicators and antioxidant defense in experimental ankle osteoarthritis.

Background: No effective treatment guarantees full recovery from osteoarthritis (OA), and few therapies have disadvantages.

Aim: To determine if bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) and hyaluronic acid (HA) treat ankle OA in Wistar rats.

Methods: BMMSCs were characterized using flow cytometry with detection of surface markers [cluster of differentiation 90 (CD90), CD105, CD34, and CD45].