Tissue-Specific Tolerance to High-Temperature and Nutrient-Poor Conditions in a Canopy-Forming Macroalga, Surviving at an Ocean Warming Hotspot.

Most canopy-forming macroalgae have disappeared from temperate reefs in southern Japan, one of the ocean warming hotspots, but is surviving in this region. As this species' annual shoots emerge from holdfasts during summer, both plant components may be highly tolerant to warm and nutrient-poor conditions in this season. The present study examined the effects of temperature and nutrient conditions on holdfast growth, shoot emergence from holdfasts, and shoot growth in .

Observation of the feeding behaviour of reared Japanese eel Anguilla japonica leptocephali fed picocyanobacteria Synechococcus spp.

The authors observed the feeding behaviour of artificially reared Japanese eel Anguilla japonica leptocephali, 7.5-19 mm total length (10-61 days post-hatch), fed Synechococcus sp., which is considered a potential food source of anguilliform larvae.

Vegetative Reproduction Is More Advantageous Than Sexual Reproduction in a Canopy-Forming Clonal Macroalga under Ocean Warming Accompanied by Oligotrophication and Intensive Herbivory.

Ocean warming and the associated changes in fish herbivory have caused polarward distributional shifts in the majority of canopy-forming macroalgae that are dominant in temperate Japan, but have little effect on the alga . The regeneration ability of new shoots from holdfasts in this species may be advantageous in highly grazed environments. However, little is known about the factors regulating this in species.

Draft Genome Sequence of sp. Strain C210, Isolated in the Presence of Carbon Monoxide.

The genus comprises two species of thermophilic, strictly anaerobic, spore-forming bacteria. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of sp. strain C210, which was first isolated in the presence of carbon monoxide.

Use of Purple Non-Sulfur Photosynthetic Bacteria (Rhodobacter sphaeroides) in Promoting Ciliated Protozoa Growth.

Photosynthetic bacterium (PSB) was isolated from sediment samples of Yamagawa Bay, Kagoshima, Japan. Phylogenetic analysis results of PSB isolate were closely related to Rhodobacter sphaeroides, purple non-sulfur photosynthetic bacteria (PNSB). Pink-colored smooth edges of single bacterial colonies were observed after 3-5 days of incubation period on Basic I medium agar plates.

Diversity of the Photosynthetic Bacterial Communities in Highly Eutrophicated Yamagawa Bay Sediments.

Yamagawa Bay, located in Ibusuki, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan, is a geographically enclosed coastal marine inlet, and its deteriorating seabed sediments are under an anoxic, reductive, sulfide-rich condition. In order to gain insight into diversity of anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria (AnPBs) and their ecophysiological roles in the sediments, three approaches were adopted: isolation of AnPBs, PCR-DGGE of 16S rDNA, and PCR-DGGE of pufM. Among the bacterial isolates, relatives of Rhodobacter sphaeroides were most dominant, possibly contributing to transforming organic pollutants in the sediments.

Draft Genome Sequence of Parageobacillus thermoglucosidasius Strain TG4, a Hydrogenogenic Carboxydotrophic Bacterium Isolated from a Marine Sediment.

Parageobacillus thermoglucosidasius possesses biotechnological potential for fuel generation. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of P. thermoglucosidasius strain TG4, which was first isolated from a marine sediment.

Hydrocarbon Degradation and Bacterial Community Responses During Remediation of Sediment Artificially Contaminated with Heavy Oil.

　Natural biodegradation of heavy oil in the marine environment can be accelerated by the addition of nutrients or seeding of pre-selected microorganisms. In this study, a microcosm experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of inorganic nutrient supplementation (biostimulation) and bacterial consortium amendment (bioaugmentation) on the natural degradative processes of artificially contaminated sediment. Our results revealed that the addition of nutrients had greater effect on remediation than the addition of bacterial cells.

Microflora in the Soft Tissue of the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas Exposed to the Harmful Microalga Heterosigma akashiwo.

　A marine raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo is a causative agent of harmful microalgal blooms, which often cause the massive mortality of aquacultured finfish. In the present study, the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas was reared with H. akashiwo, and effect of the microalga on filter-feeding behavior and microflora of the gastrointestinal tract was investigated.

Synergistic Effect of Photosynthetic Bacteria and Isolated Bacteria in Their Antifungal Activities against Root Rot Fungi.

Antifungal bacteria (AB) in root rot fungus (RRF)-contaminated sweet potato farms were isolated, and seven strains were initially chosen as antagonistic candidates. An antagonistic test by using the mycelial disk placement method revealed that one AB strain by itself could inhibit the RRF growth. This AB strain was identified as Bacillus polyfermenticus based on phylogeny of 16S ribosomal RNA genes.

Isolation and Characterization of a Purple Non-Sulfur Photosynthetic Bacterium Rhodopseudomonas faecalis Strain A from Swine Sewage Wastewater.

A purple non-sulfur photosynthetic bacterium (PNSB), PSB Strain A was isolated from swine sewage wastewater. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that PSB Strain A was most closely related to Rhodopseudomonas faecalis. Growth of the isolate under anaerobic-light conditions with a variety of carbon sources was investigated.

Effect of magnesium peroxide biostimulation of fish feed-loaded marine sediments on changes in the bacterial community.

The effect of an oxygen-releasing compound (ORC) magnesium peroxide (MgO(2)) on the changes in the bacterial community in organically polluted sediment of aquaculture farms was tested in a microcosm experiment. The sediment, to which fish feed was added, was treated with 1% or 5% MgO(2). The addition of fish feed induced a highly reduced environment with low redox potential, high total sulfides, and abundance of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) .

Characterization of the bacterial community in the sediment of a brackish lake with oyster aquaculture.

The physicochemical properties and bacterial community in sediments of Lake Shiraishi, a lake with brackish water, were characterized to elucidate the influence of oyster farming and seawater and freshwater inflow. Physicochemical analyses suggested the marine origin of the sediment at the mouth of the lake, while higher organic matter load and the resultant anaerobic, reductive condition of the sediments of the inner part were observed. The bacterial community in the sediments reflects these sediment environments: the bacterial community in the vicinities of oyster farms included sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) , although sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) were found at all the sampling sites.

Transformation of microflora during degradation of gaseous toluene in a biofilter detected using PCR-DGGE.

A laboratory-scale biofiltration system, the rotatory-switching biofilter (RSB), was operated for 199 days using toluene as a model pollutant. The target gaseous pollutant for the biofiltration experiment was approximately 300 ppmv of toluene. Toluene removal efficiency (RE, %) was initially approximately 20% with a 247-ppmv concentration (0.

Optimizing nutrient supply in a rotatory-switching biofilter for toluene vapor treatment.

The influence of nutrient conditions on the degradation of toluene vapor in a rotatory-switching biofilter (RSB) was investigated. The biofilter consists of four segments connected in series, each with a packing layer made of polyvinyl formal. The influent airstreams including toluene vapors were passed through segments 1-3 as up-flow with a toluene concentration of 0.

Effect of salinity on denitrification under limited single carbon source by Marinobacter sp. isolated from marine sediment.

Marinobacter comprises Gram-negative, aerobic, motile, and rod-shaped bacteria within the gamma-subclass of the Proteobacteria and is known to be halophilic or halotolerant, heterotrophic neutrophile. Two strains classified as belonging to Marinobacter, named PAD-2 and SeT-1, were isolated from marine sediment. The most closely related species of PAD-2 and SeT-1 are M.

Denitrifying activity and homologous enzyme analysis of Alcanivorax dieselolei strain N1203.

An Alcanivorax dieselolei strain, termed strain N1203, was isolated from the consortia of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) combined with denitrifying bacteria from our previous study and was shown to have ability to reduce nitrate to nitrite to either nitrous oxide or molecular nitrogen. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences established strain N1203 as a member of the species Alcanivorax dieselolei. In addition, the ability of strain N1203 to utilize various organic substrates as the sole carbon source, supplemented with carbohydrates, amino acids, and n-alkane compounds, was investigated, and this strain was found to have a narrow substrate range of growth such as grycerol, succinate, ethanol and n-alkane hydrocarbon.