Epigenetic Modification of Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck.

Background/aim: The five members of the mammalian muscarinic acetylcholine receptor family are encoded by the cholinergic receptor, muscarinic, 1-5 (CHRM1-5) genes. CHRM genes are incriminated in formation of various cancer types, but their roles in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are improperly understood. Aberrant epigenetic modifications of specific tumor-suppressor genes and oncogenes are known to promote cancer development.

Risk Factors Associated With Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events and Malignancies in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis in a Real-World Setting in Japan.

Aim: To identify risk factors associated with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and malignancies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using real-world data from Japan.

Methods: This cohort study used the Real World Data database of medical institutions in Japan. Eligible patients (January 2013-December 2021) had ≥ 1 RA diagnosis, were aged ≥ 18 years, prescribed ≥ 1 antirheumatic drug, had no psoriasis diagnosis, and had a record postindex.

Frontal nerve schwannoma in a 16-year-old girl presenting with a rapid growth for 2 years.

Background: Orbital schwannomas arising from the frontal nerve are a rare but distinct entity.

Case Description: A 16-year-old girl presented to our hospital with gradually progressive proptosis. Computed tomography (CT) performed 2 years ago incidentally detected a retrobulbar mass in the left orbit measuring 13 mm × 14 mm × 10 mm, which was not identified on CT performed at the age of 4 years.

A unique case of Sylvian arachnoid cyst complicated by chronic subdural hematoma.

Background: Arachnoid cysts (ACs) complicated by chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) are a rare but distinct entity.

Case Description: A 27-year-old man previously diagnosed with Sylvian AC presented to the hospital with a persistent headache. He was not aware of any preceding head trauma.

Performance of ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4o in the Japanese National Dental Examination.

Objectives: In this study, we compared the performance of ChatGPT-3.5 to that of ChatGPT-4o in the context of the Japanese National Dental Examination, which assesses clinical reasoning skills and dental knowledge, to determine their potential usefulness in dental education.

Methods: ChatGPT's performance was assessed using 1399 (55% of the exam) of 2520 questions from the Japanese National Dental Examinations (111-117).

jPOST environment accelerates the reuse and reanalysis of public proteome mass spectrometry data.

jPOST (https://jpostdb.org/) comprises jPOSTrepo (https://repository.jpostdb.

Pituitary abscess occurring 12 years after transsphenoidal surgery for Rathke's cleft cyst.

A 73-year-old man who previously underwent transsphenoidal surgery for a Rathke's cleft cyst presented with headache and fever. Ophthalmological examination revealed the progression of visual impairment. Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging revealed a cystic mass in the sellar and suprasellar regions with rim-like enhancement.

Recurrent hiccups associated with ipsilateral intracerebral hemorrhage and chronic subdural hematoma with immediate resolutions after evacuations.

A 74-year-old man presented with persistent hiccups and headache persisting for 2 days. An anticoagulant was administered for his coronary heart disease. Cranial computed tomography (CT) revealed an intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) located in the right occipital lobe, without any abnormal findings around the brainstem.

Incidence of Malignancies and the Association with Biological Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs in Japanese Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Time-Dependent Analysis from the IORRA Patient Registry.

Introduction: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may have an increased malignancy risk versus the general population, potentially elevated by biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (bDMARD) use. Using patient registry data, we determined malignancy risk, stratified by bDMARD use, among Japanese patients with RA versus the Japanese general population and investigated whether bDMARD use is a time-dependent risk factor for the development of malignancy.

Methods: Patients aged ≥ 18 years with ≥ 2 data entries of RA in the IORRA (Institute of Rheumatology, Rheumatoid Arthritis) patient registry, enrolled from January 2013-December 2018, were identified ('All RA' cohort).

Prognostic value of systemic inflammation score in patients with esophageal cancer.

Introduction: The systemic inflammatory score (SIS), a new inflammatory marker based on a combination of the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) and serum albumin concentration, has been reported to be a useful prognostic marker for several malignancies. The authors conducted this retrospective study on data from a cohort of esophageal cancer patients undergoing potentially curative resection to clarify the value of SIS as a prognostic marker for clinical outcome in this population.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 32 patients who underwent thoracoscopic esophagectomy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for esophageal cancer between January 2016 and December 2019.

Individual and population-level variability in HLA-DR associated immunogenicity risk of biologics used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Hypothesis: While conventional in silico immunogenicity risk assessments focus on measuring immunogenicity based on the potential of therapeutic proteins to be processed and presented by a global population-wide set of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles to T cells, future refinements might adjust for HLA allele frequencies in different geographic regions or populations, as well for as individuals in those populations. Adjustment by HLA allele distribution may reveal risk patterns that are specific to population groups or individuals, which current methods that rely on global-population HLA prevalence may obscure.

Key Findings: This analysis uses HLA frequency-weighted binding predictions to define immunogenicity risk for global and sub-global populations.

Acute epidural hemorrhage following burr-hole irrigation for chronic subdural hematoma: A possible association with the diploic veins.

A 50-year-old man presented with headache and left hemiparesis. No noticeable preceding head trauma was observed. Computed tomography (CT) scans revealed a compressive chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH).

Chordae Willisii of the dural sinuses: an anatomical study using magnetic resonance imaging.

Purpose: The chordae Willisii (CWs), trabecular projections into the lumen of the dural sinuses, are not well understood. We aimed to explore them using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods: Eighty-five patients underwent volumetric contrast-enhanced MRI, while another 30 underwent a fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequence in the coronal section.

Rim Enhancement on Contrast-Enhanced CT as a Predictor of Prognosis in Patients with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

This study investigated the utility of imaging features, such as rim enhancement on contrast-enhanced CT (CECT), in predicting the prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). This retrospective study included 158 patients (84 men; mean age, 68 years) with pathologically confirmed PDAC. The following imaging features were evaluated on CECT by two radiologists: tumor size, tumor attenuation, and the presence of rim enhancement.

Unusually elongated superior thyroid cornu associated with recurrent cerebral embolisms.

The superior thyroid cornu (STC) is a normal anatomic structure that forms part of the thyroid cartilage. Here, we report a patient with unusually elongated and ossified STC that might result in recurrent cerebral embolisms. During a second endovascular therapy for recurrent middle cerebral artery embolism, a segment with an irregular filling defect was noted in the internal carotid artery (ICA), at the C1 level.

Strain visualization using large-angle convergent-beam electron diffraction.

In this study, we report a strain visualization method using large-angle convergent-beam electron diffraction (LACBED). We compare the proposed method with the strain maps acquired via STEM-NBD, a combination of scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and nanobeam electron diffraction (NBD). Although STEM-NBD can precisely measure the lattice parameters, it requires a large amount of data and personal computer (PC) resources to obtain a two-dimensional strain map.

Comparison of complications of intrascleral fixation according to the extent of vitrectomy.

Background: Intraocular lens (IOL) fixation is performed after intraoperative anterior or total vitrectomy. This study aimed to compare the intraoperative and postoperative complications of these two techniques.

Methods: This retrospective study included 235 eyes that underwent intrascleral fixation surgery at our hospital between July 2014 and January 2021.

Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Esophagus Treated with Surgical Resection at an Early Stage.

Introduction: Primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus is a very rare disease with a poor prognosis. We herein report a patient with primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus who underwent surgical resection.

Case Presentation: A 73-year-old female underwent an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy during follow-up for colonic diverticulitis.

Agreement in the Postural Assessment of Older Adults by Physical Therapists Using Clinical and Imaging Methods.

Postural assessment is one of the indicators of health status in older adults. Since the number of older adults is on the rise, it is essential to assess simpler methods and automated ones in the future. Therefore, we focused on a visual method (imaging method).

Ranking important predictors of the need for a high-acuity psychiatry unit among 2,064 inpatients admitted to psychiatric emergency hospitals: a random forest model.

Aims: In order to uphold and enhance the emergency psychiatric care system, a thorough comprehension of the characteristics of patients who require a high-acuity psychiatry unit is indispensable. We aimed to clarify the most important predictors of the need for a high-acuity psychiatry unit using a random forest model.

Methods: This cross-sectional study encompassed patients admitted to psychiatric emergency hospitals at 161 medical institutions across Japan between December 8, 2022, and January 31, 2023.