Long-term outcomes after a radioactive iodine treatment for a single autonomous functioning thyroid nodule in Japan.

We investigated the association between a 500 MBq dose of radioactive iodine treatment (RAIT) and both thyroid nodule volume and thyroid function in patients with a single autonomous functioning thyroid nodule (AFTN). We retrospectively studied 201 patients with an AFTN who received RAIT at a dose of 500 MBq and were followed up for more than 2 years. Thyroid function at diagnosis, thyroid antibody positivity, treatment with antithyroid drugs before RAIT, cystic components of the nodule, and I uptake outside the nodule were assessed.

Adenylate cyclase 9 expression level is associated with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer and predicts patient prognosis.

Adenylate cyclase family members have recently received attention as novel therapeutic targets. However, the significance of adenylate cyclase 9 (ADCY9) in breast cancer has not been elucidated. Here, we evaluated expression in breast cancer (BC) cell lines, and polymerase chain reaction array analysis was performed to determine the correlations between expression levels and 84 tumor-associated genes.

Primary thyroid B-cell lymphoma: molecular insights into its clonal evolution and relapse.

Primary thyroid lymphomas comprise largely extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (EMZL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), followed by follicular lymphoma (FL). They commonly develop from a background of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), where dysregulated immune responses trigger autoreactive infiltrates and drive clonal B-cell evolution. To understand how these lymphomas and their relapse evolve, we investigated 10 cases by mutation profiling, including five with metachronous lymphomas [primary lymphoma (EMZL = 4, DLBCL = 1) with local relapse (EMZL = 3, DLBCL = 2)], one composite EMZL and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive DLBCL, and four lymphomas (EMZL = 3, FL = 1) with prior or subsequent biopsy showing HT.

Predictive factors for first dose reduction and interruption of lenvatinib after beginning of the standard dose in Japanese patients with thyroid cancer.

Purpose: The associations between first dose reduction or interruption by side effects and lenvatinib plasma trough concentration (C) after administration of a starting dose of 24 mg in 70 Japanese patients with thyroid cancer were evaluated.

Methods: Plasma samples were collected each week for 1 month and at the first incidence of side effects leading to dose reduction or interruption after beginning administration of 24 mg lenvatinib.

Results: The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.

Effects of the Japanese Kampo Medicines Rikkunshito, Shakuyakukanzoto and Goreisan on Lenvatinib Plasma Concentrations in Japanese Patients with Thyroid Cancer.

Background: Kampo medicines are often used in Japan as therapy for the side effects induced by oral kinase inhibitors. However, the pharmacokinetic interactions between Kampo medicines and oral kinase inhibitors such as lenvatinib have not been studied.

Objective: We investigated the effects of Kampo medicines (rikkunshito, shakuyakukanzoto and goreisan) on the steady-state plasma trough concentration (C) of lenvatinib in patients with thyroid cancer.

Prognostic Awareness and Knowledge of Acute Exacerbation in Patients Dying with Interstitial Lung Disease: A Nationwide Survey.

Rationale: Accurate prognostic awareness (PA) and knowledge of the disease are critical for decision-making regarding treatment options, advance care planning, and end-of-life care. However, they have not been investigated in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD).

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of patients with ILD who have accurate PA and/or knowledge of acute exacerbation.

Edinburgh postpartum depression scores are associated with vaginal and gut microbiota in pregnancy.

Background: Prenatal and postpartum depression may be influenced by the composition of host associated microbiomes. As such, the objective of this study was to elucidate the relationship between the human gut or vaginal microbiomes in pregnancy with prenatal or postpartum depression.

Methods: 140 female participants were recruited at their first prenatal visit and completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) to screen for depression and anxiety, in addition the EPDS was completed one month postpartum.

Incidence of the postpartum diagnosis of thyroid eye disease in relation to thyroid function in Graves' disease.

It has been reported that Graves' disease (GD) sometimes improves spontaneously during pregnancy, although exacerbation of GD during postpartum period or relapse of hyperthyroidism caused by GD might occur. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of postpartum diagnosis of thyroid eye disease (TED) in relation to thyroid dysfunction. This retrospective cross-sectional study enrolled 11,104 deliveries from the patients with GD between January 2004 and August 2022.

Management of follicular thyroid carcinoma.

Follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) is the second most common histological type of thyroid carcinoma. This review aims to summarize the available evidence and guidelines and provide an updated consensus regarding the management of FTC. The cytoarchitectural features of FTC are similar to those of follicular adenoma (FA), and it is difficult to preoperatively distinguish between FA and FTC.

Impacts of Whole-Grain Soft Red, Whole-Grain Soft White, and Refined Soft White Wheat Flour Crackers on Gastrointestinal Inflammation and the Gut Microbiota of Adult Humans.

Consumption of whole-grain wheat has been associated with positive health outcomes, but it remains unclear whether different types of wheat elicit varying effects on the gut microbiome and intestinal inflammation. The objectives of this research were to investigate the effect of two whole-grain wheat flours versus refined wheat flour on the diversity of the human gut microbiota, as well as on butyrate production capacity and gastrointestinal inflammation, using one-week dietary interventions. For this study, 28 participants were recruited, with ages ranging from 18 to 55 years and a mean BMI of 26.

Exacerbation of Thyroid Eye Disease and Dysthyroid Optic Neuropathy During Pregnancy: A Case Report.

A 37-year-old, never-smoker, pregnant woman diagnosed with Graves' disease who had stable thyroid eye disease (TED) before pregnancy presented with aggravated proptosis and eyelid swelling at 13 weeks of pregnancy. Despite the administration of local triamcinolone and 3 cycles of corticosteroid pulse therapy from 25 to 28 weeks, the patient's visual acuity decline necessitated postpartum orbital decompression surgery. Although TSH receptor antibody (TRAb) levels decreased during the mid- to late term of pregnancy, the TED worsened.

Subacute thyroiditis during pregnancy: clinical characteristics of seven cases.

Objective: There are few reports of subacute thyroiditis (SAT) during pregnancy. This study aimed to clarify the clinical characteristics of SAT in pregnant patients.

Methods And Results: Seven patients diagnosed with SAT during pregnancy at our institution from January 2004 to December 2021 were identified, and their clinical findings were retrospectively examined.

Active surveillance vs. surgery in low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma patients and the risk of loss to follow-up.

Background: Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) management has evolved, with active surveillance (AS) gaining prominence as a management option. However, a key concern for both clinicians and patients is the potential for patient loss to follow-up during AS.

Aims: This study aimed to determine adherence and loss-to-follow-up rates in low-risk PTMC patients undergoing AS versus surgical intervention, in order to gain insights into clinical pathways and safety profiles.

Anti-atrial Fibrillatory and Cardiorenal Protective Effects of the Combination of Valsartan and Cilnidipine in Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats.

The current study aimed to investigate the anti-atrial fibrillatory (AF) effects of a combination of valsartan and a calcium channel blocker (cilnidipine or amlodipine) in Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl S) rats. Seven-week-old male Dahl S rats were fed an 8% salt diet. Six weeks later, valsartan (60 mg/kg, Val group), cilnidipine + valsartan (10 + 60 mg/kg, CV group), amlodipine + valsartan (3 + 60 mg/kg, AV group), or vehicle was orally administered daily for 5 weeks.

Distinct Plasma Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Profiles after Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Diet Treatment: Implications for Personalized Dietary Interventions.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) triggers alterations in the maternal microbiome. Alongside metabolic shifts, microbial products may impact clinical factors and influence pregnancy outcomes. We investigated maternal microbiome-metabolomic changes, including over 600 metabolites from a subset of the "Choosing Healthy Options in Carbohydrate Energy" (CHOICE) study.

Proposed Clinical Algorithm for Pleuroparenchymal Fibroelastosis (PPFE).

Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) is characterized by fibrosis involving the pleura and subpleural lung parenchyma, predominantly in the upper lobes. As PPFE appears to occur in patients with heterogeneous etiologies, the disease course is thus also heterogenous, with some patients showing rapid progression while others have slow progression. Therefore, it is very difficult to predict prognosis with PPFE.

Vertical Transfer of Maternal Gut Microbes to Offspring of Western Diet-Fed Dams Drives Reduced Levels of Tryptophan Metabolites and Postnatal Innate Immune Response.

Maternal obesity and/or Western diet (WD) is associated with an increased risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in offspring, driven, in part, by the dysregulation of the early life microbiome. Here, using a mouse model of WD-induced maternal obesity, we demonstrate that exposure to a disordered microbiome from WD-fed dams suppressed circulating levels of endogenous ligands of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR; indole, indole-3-acetate) and TMAO (a product of AHR-mediated transcription), as well as hepatic expression of (an AHR target), in offspring at 3 weeks of age. This signature was recapitulated by fecal microbial transfer from WD-fed pregnant dams to chow-fed germ-free (GF) lactating dams following parturition and was associated with a reduced abundance of in GF offspring.

Tolerability and efficacy of switching anti-fibrotic treatment from nintedanib to pirfenidone for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Background: In real-world studies, the rate of discontinuation of nintedanib (NT) varies from 4% to 53%. Switching anti-fibrotic treatment in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has not been adequately investigated, and data on the tolerability and efficacy of changes in anti-fibrotic treatment is limited in clinical practice.

Objective: To identify factors associated with poor continuation of NT, efficacy and predictors of deterioration after switching from NT to pirfenidone (PFD) in patients with IPF.

Influence of Compost Amendments on Soil and Human Gastrointestinal Bacterial Communities during a Single Gardening Season.

To measure associations between gardening with different compost amendments and the human gut microbiota composition, gardeners (n = 25) were provided with one of three types of compost: chicken manure (CM), dairy manure and plant material (DMP), or plant-based (P). Stool samples were collected before gardening (T1), after compost amendment (T2), and at peak garden harvest (T3). Compost and soil samples were collected.

Dose-dependent incidence of agranulocytosis in patients treated with methimazole and propylthiouracil.

Agranulocytosis is a serious adverse effect of methimazole (MMI) and propylthiouracil (PTU), and although there have been reports suggesting a dose-dependent incidence in relation to both drugs, the evidence has not been conclusive. The objective of our study was to determine whether the incidences of agranulocytosis induced by MMI and PTU exhibit dose-dependency. The subjects were 27,784 patients with untreated Graves' disease, 22,993 of whom were on an antithyroid drug treatment regimen for more than 90 days.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with lung cancer having chronic interstitial pneumonia.

Background: In interstitial pneumonia (IP)-associated lung cancer, immune checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (ICIP) is common with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the safety and efficacy of ICI treatment for patients with lung cancer with IP.

Methods: This multicentre retrospective observational study was conducted from June 2016 to December 2020 in patients with primary lung cancer with IP who received ICI treatment.

Determination of Capillary Blood TSH and Free Thyroxine Levels Using Digital Immunoassay.

Background: The remote performance of thyroid function blood tests is complicated because it requires blood collection.

Objective: To compare TSH and free thyroxine (FT4) levels between capillary and venous blood and assess the adequacy of measuring each value in capillary blood.

Methods: This prospective intervention study was conducted at Ito Hospital and was based on the clinical research method.

An Evaluation of the Efficacy of Machine Learning in Predicting Thyrotoxicosis and Hypothyroidism: A Comparative Assessment of Biochemical Test Parameters Used in Different Health Checkups.

Objective This study assessed the efficacy of machine learning in predicting thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism [thyroid-stimulating hormone >10.0 mIU/L] by leveraging age and sex as variables and integrating biochemical test parameters used by the Japan Society of Health Evaluation and Promotion (JHEP) and the Japan Society of Ningen Dock (JND). Methods Our study included 20,653 untreated patients with Graves' disease, 3,435 untreated patients with painless thyroiditis, 4,266 healthy individuals, and 18,937 untreated patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis.