Tirzepatide: A Promising Drug for Type 2 Diabetes and Beyond.

Tirzepatide is a promising drug with dual-acting glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor activation that has revolutionized the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as an adjunct to diet and exercise. In phase 3 clinical trials (SURPASS 1-5), the dose-dependent efficacy and safety of tirzepatide were assessed by once-weekly subcutaneous injection (5 mg, 10 mg, and 15 mg), as monotherapy or combination therapy, in individuals with T2DM. Tirzepatide has been shown to achieve better glycemic control in terms of glycosylated hemoglobin reduction and improved fasting and postprandial glucose levels as compared to other diabetic medications.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Asthma: Pathomechanisms of Their Association and Clinical Implications.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and asthma are chronic illnesses concomitantly present in a significant percentage of the population. Their comorbidity is associated with poor disease control and lower quality of life, thus imposing a substantial medical and economic burden worldwide. This review investigates the association between asthma and T2DM, in terms of pathogenesis, clinical outcomes, and therapeutic opportunities.

Does Vaccination Increase the Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder that can cause significant social, communicative, and behavioral difficulties. With autism rates rising dramatically in recent years, researchers and concerned parents have theorized the causes of autism, and the subject has received much attention. Is the high rate of autism now due to increased diagnosis and reporting, changing autism definitions, or a rise in the number of people with ASD? People started to blame vaccines as a cause of the increased number of people with ASD.

The Advantages of Robotic Over Open Thyroidectomy in Thyroid Diseases: A Systematic Review.

Over a hundred thousand thyroid surgeries are performed per year in the United States. Although conventional thyroidectomy has successful surgical outcomes, robotic minimally invasive procedures, known for their scar free (regarding the neck, no collar incision) surgical outcomes gained popularity through the years. Furthermore, these techniques are new and still debatable.

Cardiovascular Effects of Androgen Deprivation Therapy in Prostate Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and cardiovascular events in men with prostate cancer. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a primary cause of noncancer mortality in men with prostate cancer. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Medicare-linked data revealed that CVD was responsible for about a quarter of deaths among men with prostate cancer, with a focus on the role of ADT as a contributing cause.

The Obesity Paradox in Chronic Heart Disease and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Obesity in recent years has become an epidemic. A high body mass index (BMI) is one of today's most crucial population health indicators. BMI does not directly quantify body fat but correlates well with easier body fat measurements.

The Effects of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors (SLGT-2i) on Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes in Non-diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review.

Globally, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are the leading causes of mortality. Despite medical advances, these illnesses are still underdiagnosed and undermanaged. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) have recently emerged as a potential class of medications with promising cardiovascular and renal safety in non-diabetic patients.

Spironolactone Versus Oral Contraceptive Pills in the Treatment of Adolescent Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Systematic Review.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a multi-system endocrinopathy that affects women of reproductive age. Due to features that coincide with puberty, it frequently remains undiagnosed in adolescent females. The lack of evidence on management alternatives has resulted in significant variation in practice.