The Relationship Between Blood Culture, C-reactive Protein, and Neonatal Sepsis: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Sepsis is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in newborns. Diagnosis of neonatal sepsis may be difficult because the clinical presentations are often nonspecific. Neonatal sepsis may have an early onset (zero to three days) or a late onset (four days or later).

Vitamin D Levels Among Rheumatoid Arthritis Sudanese Patients: Prevalence and Correlation to Disease Activity - A Bicentric Study.

Purpose: To evaluate vitamin D levels among adult Sudanese RA patients and identify its correlation with RA disease activity.

Patients And Methods: A bicentric cross-sectional analytical hospital-based study was performed in two Khartoum State Hospitals between October 2019 and January 2020, enrolling 90 Sudanese patients with RA. Serum vitamin D levels were measured with a standard reference level of 30ng/mL-100ng/mL.

Risk factors associated with fasting during Ramadan among individuals with diabetes according to IDF-DAR risk score in Atbara city, Sudan: Cross-sectional hospital-based study.

Background: Ramadan is a holy month for Muslims. The aim of this study was to assess risk associated with Ramadan fasting among Sudanese individuals with diabetes (high, moderate, and low risk) according to International Diabetes Federation in collaboration with Diabetes and Ramadan International alliance (IDF-DAR) Practical Guidelines 2021 risk score.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional hospital-based study recruited 300 individuals with diabetes (79% have type 2 diabetes) from diabetes centers in Atbara city, the River Nile state, Sudan.

Assessment of lifestyle modifications among Sudanese individuals with diabetes: The situation so far and the need to do more.

Background: Inadequate lifestyle practices among individuals with diabetes may influence the progression of diabetes and its complications. The aim of this study was to assess the lifestyle practices among individuals with diabetes in Sudan.

Methodology: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional, health facility-based study conducted in 3 diabetes centers treating individuals with diabetes.

An outbreak of measles in gold miners in River Nile State, Sudan, 2011.

Background: Despite the wide use of vaccination, measles outbreaks still occur.

Aims: This study assessed cases notified during a measles outbreak in northern Sudan in 2011 and the response of the health authorities to contain the outbreak.

Methods: The records of all measles cases reported to the River Nile State health ministry in 2011 from the Abu Hamad locality, a gold-mining area, were reviewed together with the actions of the health authorities at the time of the outbreak.

An outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis among a displaced population in North Sudan: Review of cases.

Background: Human cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an endemic disease in many parts of Sudan.

Objective: To document an outbreak of CL among internally displaced people (IDP) in north Sudan.

Methods: A household survey was conducted in the rural region of New Manasir, at El Damer Locality in north Sudan during the year 2013.

Hypertension in Sudanese individuals and associated risk factors: the critical intersection between salt and sugar intake.

Background: Hypertension is common problem across the globe. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of hypertension and impact of salt and sugar intake in Sudanese population.

Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study, included 323 of participants in Khartoum state.

Comparison of serum lipid profile in type 2 diabetes with and without adequate diabetes control in Sudanese population in north of Sudan.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major health problem in Sudan and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Dyslipidemia is a major complication of diabetes and an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia and its co-relation with the glycemic control in individuals with diabetes in River Nile State, Sudan.

Prevalence and determinants of undernutrition among children under 5-year-old in rural areas: A cross-sectional survey in North Sudan.

Background: Child malnutrition is a major public health problem in developing countries. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of undernutrition among children <5 years in River Nile state (RNS) in North Sudan.

Subjects And Methods: A cross-sectional household survey was done in four localities in RNS.

Metabolic control targets in Sudanese adults with type 1 diabetes: A population-based study.

Background: Type 1 diabetes is a challenging metabolic disorder for health authorities in Sudan. The objective of this study was to assess the level of glycemic control and to determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia and complications among individuals with type 1 diabetes in Sudan.

Materials And Methods: Individuals with type 1 diabetes, who were having the disease for at least 1 year, were invited to participate in this study.

HIV-Associated Nephropathy in Africa: Pathology, Clinical Presentation and Strategy for Prevention.

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can lead to progressive decline in renal function known as HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN). Importantly, individuals of African ancestry are more at risk of developing HIVAN than their European descent counterparts. An in-depth search on Google Scholar, Medline and PubMed was conducted using the terms "HIVAN" and "pathology and clinical presentation", in addition to "prevalence and risk factors for HIVAN", with special emphasis on African countries for any articles published between 1990 and 2017.

Increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and impact of ethnicity in north Sudan.

Background: Diabetes mellitus constitutes a global health threat, with increasing burden of disease in low and middle-income countries witnessing ongoing epidemiological transition including Sudan.

Aims: To study the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and prediabetes and determine the relationship to gender, age, waist circumference, body mass index, residence and ethnicity among the adult population in north Sudan.

Methods: A cross-sectional, population-based study in Northern State and River Nile State using random multi-stage cluster sampling targeting 5376 participants from 14 localities divided into 60 urban and 40 rural clusters.

Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia in people living with HIV in Africa: re-emerging challenges not to be forgotten.

Background: The current challenge in managing people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWHIV) includes the identification and monitoring for comorbid health risks associated with HIV and its treatment and longer survival. Dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome are increasingly seen in PLWHIV.

Objective: In this narrative review, we aimed to summarize the current knowledge about diabetes, dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome in PLWHIV in Africa and also to discuss the challenges that patients as well as health authorities in Africa may face.

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Acute Coronary Syndrome Among Sudanese Individuals With Diabetes: A Population-Based Study.

Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is common with diabetes. The aim of this study was to establish prevalence and risk factors for ACS among Sudanese individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM).

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Khartoum State and Atabra (North of Sudan).

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Africa and Middle East: An Attempt to Predict the Present and Future Implications on the Healthcare System.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a group of hepatic diseases that range in severity. NAFLD is increasingly recognized as an epidemic among different populations, including those in Africa and the Middle East. The objective of this narrative review is to document the prevalence of and risk factors for NAFLD in Africa and the Middle East and the potential implications on the healthcare systems.

Sugar intake in Sudanese individuals was associated with some features of the metabolic syndrome: Population based study.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the level of sugar intake among Sudanese individuals.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional study with 323 participants. Respondents were grouped by the total intake of added sugars into two groups, one group with sugar intake more than 200 calories per day and other group with sugar intake less than 200 calories per day.

Diabetes and Ramadan: A concise and practical update.

Despite the fact that the month of Ramadan includes 29-30 days and the duration of fasting for each day can last for between 12 and 16 h, it was estimated that a large number of individuals with diabetes do fast during Ramadan. In light of recent advancement of new pharmacological agents, drugs such as vildagliptin, sitagliptin, and liraglutide were found to be safe to use during this month of fasting. These therapeutic agents can also be used in combination with metformin.

Diabetes complications in Sudanese individuals with type 2 diabetes: Overlooked problems in sub-Saharan Africa?

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major health problem in Sudan and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of complications of type 2 diabetes across different cities in the country.

Methods: Individuals with type 2 diabetes, who have been on treatment for DM for at least one year and volunteered to participate, were selected from two diabetes centers in Sudan (Khartoum and Atbara).

Prevalence and trends of obesity among adult Sudanese individuals: Population based study.

Aim: The prevalence of obesity has increased across the globe in particular in Africa. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of obesity in Sudan.

Material And Methods: Descriptive, cross sectional study recruited 7239 individuals.

Low levels of physical activity in Sudanese individuals with some features of metabolic syndrome: Population based study.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of physical activity among Sudanese population.

Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study composed of 323 participants from Khartoum state, Sudan. Data collected using pretested designed questionnaire based on previously validated Global Physical Activity Questionnaire.

Prevalence of tuberculosis among children in North Sudan: Are we only seeing the tip of the iceberg?

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among children. The vague symptoms, the uncertain diagnostic tests and lack of adequate awareness among families all contributed in masking the actual prevalence of the disease. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology of childhood TB in River Nile State (RNS), North Sudan.

Prevalence of and risk factors for hypertension among urban communities of North Sudan: Detecting a silent killer.

Background: Hypertension is a common global health problem in many countries including Sudan. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for high blood pressure (BP) in River Nile State (RNS), Sudan.

Materials And Methods: A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted by a house-to-house survey; all consented adults from the main four cities, Atbara, Shendi, Ed Damer, and Berber, were interviewed using standardized pretested questionnaire to record medical history, sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics.

Glycaemic control in Sudanese individuals with type 2 diabetes: Population based study.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major health problem in Sudan and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of glycaemic control among individuals with type 2 diabetes across different cities in Sudan.

Methods: Individuals with type 2 diabetes attending selected diabetes centres in Sudan, who had been on treatment for DM for at least one year and volunteered to participate were included.

High prevalence of hypertension among an ethnic group in Sudan: implications for prevention.

Objective: Hypertension is an emerging non-communicable disease in developing countries. Due to its silent nature and serious complications, active screening is essential in order to prevent complications. For instance, premature mortality from cardiovascular diseases could be prevented by the effective control of hypertension.