Development of a model predicting falls in older emergency department patients using smartphone-based mobility measures.

Objective: While emergency departments (EDs) are crucial for identifying patients at risk for falls, existing fall risk measures are often inaccurate. This study aimed to assess whether iPhone sensor-based mobility measures collected after ED discharge can improve fall prediction compared with traditional ED-based screening measures.

Methods: This single-center, observational cohort study recruited ED patients aged 60 or older who owned an iPhone.

Which intervention works for whom: Identifying pre-treatment characteristics that predict who will benefit from a specific alcohol text message intervention from a randomized trial.

Introduction: Effective interventions show heterogeneity in treatment response. Addressing this heterogeneity involves identifying which intervention works best for whom. One method to address this heterogeneity identifies treatment-subgroup interactions to determine which of two interventions has greater effect for certain individuals based on their profile of pre-treatment characteristics.

Feasibility of Measuring Smartphone Accelerometry Data During a Weekly Instrumented Timed Up-and-Go Test After Emergency Department Discharge: Prospective Observational Cohort Study.

Background: Older adults discharged from the emergency department (ED) face elevated risk of falls and functional decline. Smartphones might enable remote monitoring of mobility after ED discharge, yet their application in this context remains underexplored.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the feasibility of having older adults provide weekly accelerometer data from an instrumented Timed Up-and-Go (TUG) test over an 11-week period after ED discharge.

Development of culturally-appropriate text message booster content to follow a brief intervention focused on reducing alcohol related harms for injury patients in Moshi, Tanzania.

Alcohol use is a risk factor for death and disability and is attributed to almost one-third of injury deaths globally. This highlights the need for interventions aimed at alcohol reduction, especially in areas with high rates of injury with concurrent alcohol use, such as Tanzania. The aim of this study is to create a culturally appropriate text messages as a booster to a brief negotiational intervention (BNI), to in the Emergency Department of the Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania.

A text message intervention aimed at nurturing peer outreach to help meet drinking limit goals: A remote pilot randomized trial in non-collegiate young adults.

Objective: Scalable interventions attempting to nurture peer outreach to help young adults meet drinking limit goals remain under-developed. To address this gap, we developed ASPIRE, a text message intervention focused on coaching individuals to engage with close peers to assist them in meeting drinking limit goals.

Method: Non-collegiate young adults who had reported one or more heavy drinking days in the preceding month and were at least contemplating change were recruited through social media.

Prediction Rules Identify Which Young Adults Have Higher Rates of Heavy Episodic Drinking After Exposure to 12-Week Text Message Interventions.

Background: An alcohol text message intervention recently demonstrated effects in reducing heavy episodic drinking (HED) days at the three month follow-up in young adults with a history of hazardous drinking. An important next step in understanding intervention effects involves identifying baseline participant characteristics that predict who will benefit from intervention exposure to support clinical decision-making and guide further intervention development. To identify baseline characteristics that predict HED, this exploratory study used a prediction rule ensemble (PRE).

Automated Messaging Program to Facilitate Systematic Home Blood Pressure Monitoring: Qualitative Analysis of Provider Interviews.

Background: Hypertension is a leading cause of cardiovascular and kidney disease in the United States, yet blood pressure (BP) control at a population level is poor and worsening. Systematic home BP monitoring (HBPM) programs can lower BP, but programs supporting HBPM are not routinely used. The MyBP program deploys automated bidirectional text messaging for HBPM and disease self-management support.

Automated, tailored adaptive mobile messaging to reduce alcohol consumption in help-seeking adults: A randomized controlled trial.

Aims: To test differential outcomes between three 6-month text-messaging interventions to reduce at-risk drinking in help-seeking adults.

Design: A three-arm single-blind randomized controlled trial with 1-, 3-, 6- and 12-month follow-ups.

Setting: United States.

Feasibility of a pragmatic randomized adaptive clinical trial to evaluate a brief negotiational interview for harmful and hazardous alcohol use in Moshi, Tanzania.

Introduction: Low-resourced settings often lack personnel and infrastructure for alcohol use disorder treatment. We culturally adapted a Brief Negotiational Interview (BNI) for Emergency Department injury patients, the "Punguza Pombe Kwa Afya Yako (PPKAY)" ("Reduce Alcohol For Your Health") in Tanzania. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a pragmatic randomized adaptive controlled trial of the PPKAY intervention.

Detection of Alcohol Intoxication Using Voice Features: A Controlled Laboratory Study.

Objective: Devices such as mobile phones and smart speakers could be useful to remotely identify voice alterations associated with alcohol intoxication that could be used to deliver just-in-time interventions, but data to support such approaches for the English language are lacking. In this controlled laboratory study, we compare how well English spectrographic voice features identify alcohol intoxication.

Method: A total of 18 participants (72% male, ages 21-62 years) read a randomly assigned tongue twister before drinking and each hour for up to 7 hours after drinking a weight-based dose of alcohol.

Feasibility of SMS booster for alcohol reduction in injury patients in Tanzania.

Alcohol use is associated with 3 million annual deaths globally. Harmful alcohol use, which is associated with a high burden of disease in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), often increases the probability of traumatic injury. Treatments for harmful alcohol use in LMICs, such as Tanzania, lack trained personnel and adequate infrastructure.

A longitudinal assessment of posttraumatic stress symptoms and pain catastrophizing after injury.

Purpose/objective: Identifying individuals with high levels of pain catastrophizing (PC) may inform early psychological interventions to prevent the transition from acute to chronic post-injury pain. We examined whether pre-and post-injury posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) predict post-injury PC among emergency department (ED) patients following acute motor vehicle crash (MVC).

Research Method/design: This study represents secondary data analysis of a randomized clinical trial (NCT03247179) examining the efficacy of the PTSD Coach app on post-injury PTSS (PTSS).

Leveraging Mobile Phone Sensors, Machine Learning, and Explainable Artificial Intelligence to Predict Imminent Same-Day Binge-drinking Events to Support Just-in-time Adaptive Interventions: Algorithm Development and Validation Study.

Background: Digital just-in-time adaptive interventions can reduce binge-drinking events (BDEs; consuming ≥4 drinks for women and ≥5 drinks for men per occasion) in young adults but need to be optimized for timing and content. Delivering just-in-time support messages in the hours prior to BDEs could improve intervention impact.

Objective: We aimed to determine the feasibility of developing a machine learning (ML) model to accurately predict future, that is, same-day BDEs 1 to 6 hours prior BDEs, using smartphone sensor data and to identify the most informative phone sensor features associated with BDEs on weekends and weekdays to determine the key features that explain prediction model performance.

Examining the prevalence and health impairment associated with subthreshold PTSD symptoms (PTSS) among frontline healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased healthcare workers' (HCWs) risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although subthreshold PTSD symptoms (PTSS) are common and increase vulnerability for health impairments, they have received little attention. We examined the prevalence of subthreshold PTSS and their relationship to physical health symptoms and sleep problems among HCWs during the pandemic's second wave (01/21-02/21).

Effectiveness of text message interventions with different behavior change techniques on alcohol consumption among young adults: a five-arm randomized controlled trial.

Aims: This studys aim is to test the effectiveness of five interventions each utilizing a unique set of behavior change techniques on reducing alcohol consumption at 3 and 6 months among young adults with hazardous drinking.

Design, Setting And Participants: This study used a five-arm parallel randomized controlled trial with 3- and 6-month follow-ups. Recruitment occurred at four emergency departments in Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Effectiveness of a Text Message Intervention Promoting Seat Belt Use Among Young Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Approximately 1 in 10 adults do not always wear a seat belt, with the lowest use rates reported among young adults.

Objective: To determine the efficacy of a 6-week automated behavioral text message program promoting seat belt use compared with an attention control.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This parallel, 2-group, single-blind, individually randomized clinical trial included a convenience sample of patients recruited from 4 emergency departments in 2 cities in Pennsylvania from December 2019 to September 2021, with follow-ups at 6 and 12 weeks after randomization.

Effectiveness of a Text Message Intervention to Reduce Texting While Driving Among Targeted Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Purpose: This randomized clinical trial tested the efficacy of a 6-week text message program to reduce texting while driving (TWD) for young adults.

Methods: Eligible individuals recruited from four emergency departments from December 2019 to June 2021 were aged 18-25 years who reported TWD in the past 2 weeks. Participants were randomly assigned 1:1 to intervention:assessment control.