G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Skin Aging.

Skin aging is a complex biological process affected by a plethora of intrinsic and extrinsic factors that alter cutaneous functions through the modulations of signaling pathways and responses. Expressed in various cell types and skin tissue layers, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play a vital role in regulating skin aging. We have cataloged 156 GPCRs expressed in the skin and reviewed their roles in skin aging, such as pigmentation, loss of elasticity, wrinkles, rough texture, and aging-associated skin disorders.

Real-Time Determination of Intracellular cAMP Reveals Functional Coupling of G Protein to the Melatonin MT Receptor.

Melatonin is a neuroendocrine hormone that regulates the circadian rhythm and many other physiological processes. Its functions are primarily exerted through two subtypes of human melatonin receptors, termed melatonin type-1 (MT) and type-2 (MT) receptors. Both MT and MT receptors are generally classified as G-coupled receptors owing to their well-recognized ability to inhibit cAMP accumulation in cells.

Multi-target regulatory mechanism of Yang Xin Tang - a traditional Chinese medicine against dementia.

Background: Yang Xin Tang (YXT) is a traditional Chinese herbal preparation which has been reported to improve cognitive function and memory in patients with dementia. As the underlying mechanism of action of YXT has not been elucidated, we examined the effects of YXT and its major herbal components in regulating gene transcription and molecular targets related to Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods: Aqueous and ethanol extracts of YXT and selected herbal components were prepared and validated by standard methods.