Caval vein obstruction resulting in right to left shunt and desaturation post-endocardial pacing implantation in a 3-year old: a case report.

Background: Superior caval vein obstruction is a rare complication of endocardial pacing lead implantation that can result in a right to left shunt.

Case Summary: A 3-year-old child with type 2 Brugada syndrome presented with mild cyanosis post-endocardial pacing implantation due to evolutionary right superior caval vein obstruction. This obstruction resulted in a right to left shunt across a previously unrecognized patent levo-atrial cardinal vein associated with partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage.

Nudging in the nursing home: A qualitative interpretive study.

Background: Nudging involves deliberately changing the environment or context to induce better choices. Several studies consider such methods unethical manipulation that threatens the principles of informed consent and autonomy, which are particularly vital in healthcare. Others argue that nudging respects personal freedom because it is not in conflict with the person's explicit values or choices, beneficial, and easy to resist.

Comparison of Interportal and Periportal Capsulotomies and Axial Distraction Resistance During Hip Arthroscopy: An In Vivo Propensity-Matched Cohort Study.

Background: Intraoperative hip capsule management is increasingly recognized as an important component of hip arthroscopy for the prevention of capsular-related instability. The periportal capsulotomy, relative to the interportal capsulotomy, has been proposed as a minimally invasive technique for decreasing postarthroscopy hip instability; however, the biomechanical effects of this technique are not well established.

Purpose/hypothesis: This study aimed to provide a biomechanical characterization of interportal and periportal capsulotomies, helping inform surgeon choice of capsulotomy type and repair, potentially guiding clinical practice in hip arthroscopy.

Association between symptom characteristics and disease severity in patients suspected of coronary artery disease.

Background: Discrepancies often exist between patient-reported symptoms and diagnostic test findings in patients with suspected obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD).

Objectives: To quantify the association between patient-reported symptoms and the diagnosis of severe stenosis in patients with suspected obstructive CAD.

Methods: Two large-scale cohorts of patients with new-onset symptoms suggestive of obstructive CAD were evaluated.

Genomics yields biological and phenotypic insights into bipolar disorder.

Bipolar disorder is a leading contributor to the global burden of disease. Despite high heritability (60-80%), the majority of the underlying genetic determinants remain unknown. We analysed data from participants of European, East Asian, African American and Latino ancestries (n = 158,036 cases with bipolar disorder, 2.

Carbohydrate Restriction During Recovery from High-Intensity-Interval Training Enhances Fat Oxidation During Subsequent Exercise and Does Not Compromise Performance When Combined With Caffeine.

Background: Carbohydrate restriction can alter substrate utilization and potentially impair endurance performance in female athletes. Caffeine intake may mitigate this performance decrements.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that maximal fat oxidation (MFO) rate would be enhanced in the carbohydrate (CHO) restricted state in trained females.

Dual test gas pulmonary diffusing capacity in patients with idiopathic scoliosis 40 years after diagnosis.

There is limited knowledge on diffusing capacity in scoliosis patients. It remains to be determined if impaired pulmonary diffusing capacity is mostly influenced by reduced alveolar-capillary membrane diffusing capacity (D), reduced pulmonary capillary blood volume (V) or both. This study aims to report findings from dual test gas pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide and nitric oxide (D) with quantification of pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide corrected for haemoglobin with a five s breath-hold (D) and nitric oxide with a five s breath-hold (D), D and V.

Development of a Buchwald-Hartwig Amination for an Accelerated Library Synthesis of Cereblon Binders.

In recent years, targeted protein degradation (TPD) has emerged as a powerful therapeutic modality utilizing both heterobifunctional ligand-directed degraders (LDDs) and molecular glues (e.g., CELMoDs) to recruit E3 ligases for inducing polyubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins.

Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Evaluation of Nonsteroidal Tricyclic Ligands as Modulators of GABA Receptors.

GABA receptors (GABARs) are the major elements of inhibitory neurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS). They are established targets for regulation by endogenous brain neuroactive steroids (NASs) such as pregnanolone. However, the complexity of de novo synthesis of NAS derivatives has hindered attempts to circumvent the principal limitations of using endogenous NASs, including selectivity and limited oral bioavailability.

Association Between E-cigarette Use and Asthma Exacerbations Using Nationally Representative Survey Data.

Introduction Despite limited knowledge of its potential health effects, electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use has become increasingly popular in the United States (US). Cigarette smoking is linked to a higher risk of asthma, and e-cigarettes may have similar effects. This study's aim was to examine the association between e-cigarette use and asthma exacerbations in US adults with known asthma.

Revised dietary exposure assessment of the food enzyme thrombin from cattle (bovines) and pig's blood.

The food enzyme thrombin (EC 3.4.21.

Allocation of Semaglutide According to Coronary Artery Calcium and BMI: Applying the SELECT Trial to MESA.

Background: Implementation of semaglutide weight loss therapy has been challenging due to drug supply and cost, underscoring a need to identify those who derive the greatest absolute benefit.

Objectives: Allocation of semaglutide was modeled according to coronary artery calcium (CAC) among individuals without diabetes or established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods: In this analysis, 3,129 participants in the MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) without diabetes or clinical CVD met body mass index criteria for semaglutide and underwent CAC scoring on noncontrast cardiac computed tomography.

Zika Virus Infection in Pregnant Traveler Returning to Denmark from Phuket, Thailand, 2024.

We report a case of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in a pregnant woman from Denmark who traveled to Thailand during her first trimester. Late in the second trimester, severe microcephaly was diagnosed in the fetus, and ZIKV infection was confirmed. Travelers and clinicians should be aware of ongoing ZIKV risk in Thailand.

Faecal microbiota transplantation for patients with diabetes type 1 and severe gastrointestinal neuropathy (FADIGAS): a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Diabetic gastroenteropathy is associated with nausea, vomiting, bloating, pain, constipation, and diarrhoea. Current therapies are scarce. We tested faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for patients with type 1 diabetes and gastroenteropathy.

Thiamine-Reduced Fatigue in Quiescent Inflammatory Bowel Disease Is Linked to Abundance.

Background And Aims: Chronic fatigue is common in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The gut microbiota, specifically, microbial diversity and butyrate-producing bacteria have been linked to the fatigue pathogenesis. High-dose oral thiamine reduces fatigue, potentially through gut microbiota modification.

Geographical location of ischemic stroke patients affects thrombolysis availability in Denmark.

Introduction: Early recognition and treatment of stroke is paramount for good outcome. Transport distance may result in delayed arrival for revascularization therapy. We investigated how transport time and distance to the revascularization unit affected the probability of receiving intravenous thrombolysis in Denmark between 2015 and 2020, for patients calling the Emergency Medical Services within three hours of symptom onset.

Structural and bioinformatics analyses identify deoxydinucleotide-specific nucleases and their association with genomic islands in gram-positive bacteria.

Dinucleases of the DEDD superfamily, such as oligoribonuclease, Rexo2 and nanoRNase C, catalyze the essential final step of RNA degradation, the conversion of di- to mononucleotides. The active sites of these enzymes are optimized for substrates that are two nucleotides long, and do not discriminate between RNA and DNA. Here, we identified a novel DEDD subfamily, members of which function as dedicated deoxydinucleases (diDNases) that specifically hydrolyze single-stranded DNA dinucleotides in a sequence-independent manner.

Evaluation of Health Education Based on Pictograms and Video Sequences in the Prevention of Hand Eczema Among Hospital Cleaners: A Cluster-Randomised Controlled Trial With 24 Weeks Follow-Up.

Background: Hand eczema (HE) is common among hospital cleaners, yet no specific prevention programme exists for this group in Denmark.

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of visual aids (pictograms and video scenes) based on evidence-based skin care and protection recommendations on HE outcomes, focusing on disease severity, point prevalence and skin care and protection knowledge.

Methods: A cluster-randomised controlled trial was conducted in professional cleaners from three Danish hospitals.

Regulation of fibronectin and collagens type I, III and VI by TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-13, and tofacitinib.

Understanding how inflammatory cytokines influence profibrogenic wound healing responses in fibroblasts is important for understanding the pathogenesis of fibrosis. TNF-α and IL-13 are key cytokines in Th1 and Th2 immune responses, respectively, while TGF-β1 is the principal pro-fibrotic mediator. We show that 12-day fibroblast culture with TNF-α or IL-13 induces fibrogenesis, marked by progressively increasing type III and VI collagen formation, and that TGF-β1 co-stimulation amplifies these effects.

Pharmacological interventions for the acute treatment of hyperkalaemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Hyperkalaemia is a life-threatening electrolyte disturbance and also a potential cause of cardiac arrest. The objective was to assess the effects of acute pharmacological interventions for the treatment of hyperkalaemia in patients with and without cardiac arrest.

Methods: The review was reported according to PRISMA guidelines and registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023440553).

A Core Outcome Set for Adult General ICU Patients.

Objectives: Randomized clinical trials informing clinical practice (e.g., like large, pragmatic, and late-phase trials) should ideally mostly use harmonized outcomes that are important to patients, family members, clinicians, and researchers.

Analysis of nuclear receptor expression in head and neck cancer.

Objective: Studies of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) have demonstrated the importance of nuclear receptors and their associated coregulators in the development and treatment of HNSCC. We sought to characterize members of the nuclear receptor super family through interrogation of RNA-Seq and microarray data.

Materials And Methods: TCGA RNA-Seq data within the cBioportal platform comparing HNSCC samples (n = 515 patients with RNA-Seq data) to normal tissue (n = 82 patients) was interrogated for significant differences in nuclear receptor expression.

The cerebral blood flow response to neuroactivation is reduced in cognitively normal men with β-amyloid accumulation.

Background: Accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) in the brain is a hallmark of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Cerebral deposition of Aβ initiates deteriorating pathways which eventually can lead to AD. However, the exact mechanisms are not known.

Establishment of permanent peritoneal PleurX catheter as palliative treatment of malignant ascites.

Introduction: Refractory malignant ascites (RMA) is a manifestation of end-stage cancer disease with a major impact on quality of life due to the symptom burden and need for repeated hospitalisations. We previously described the implantation of the permanent PleurX catheter as a treatment of RMA. The present study aimed to evaluate and describe our experience with the permanent PleurX catheter system in the largest cohort to date.

Geographic variation of recorded neurodevelopmental disorders in children and adults.

Introduction: While diagnosis rates of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) vary within countries at a large-scale municipal level, small neighbourhood geographic variation remains understudied. In this nationwide study, we describe the rates of ASD and ADHD diagnoses in children and adults by geographical data zones of approximately 2,500 residents across Denmark.

Methods: We included a population of children born from 1993 through 2020 and an adult population born from 1977 through 2003.