An atlas of transcription initiation reveals regulatory principles of gene and transposable element expression in early mammalian development.

Transcriptional activation of the embryonic genome (EGA) is a major developmental landmark enabling the embryo to become independent from maternal control. The magnitude and control of transcriptional reprogramming during this event across mammals remains poorly understood. Here, we developed Smart-seq+5' for high sensitivity, full-length transcript coverage and simultaneous capture of 5' transcript information from single cells and single embryos.

Effect of Finger Socks on Clinical Cure in Interdigital Tinea Pedis.

Background: Humidity between the toes and occlusion are risk factors and causes of recurrence for interdigital tinea pedis.

Objective: To determine the role of wearing "finger-socks" in addition to topical antifungal treatment in managing interdigital tinea pedis.

Methods: Among 54 patients with interdigital tinea pedis confirmed by direct microscopy, 31 in the study group were recommended to wear five-finger socks in addition to topical antifungal treatment for four weeks, while 23 in the control group received only topical antifungal treatment without sock recommendations.

Development of Children's Perceived Nursing Image Scale: A Validity and Reliability Study.

Aim: Professional knowledge and awareness of children begins to create at the age of 3-5, and the professional knowledge have acquired at this age was effective in their future career decision-making. This study aimed to develop the Children's Perceived Nursing Image Scale (CPNIS) and evaluate its psychometric properties.

Methods: The methodological study was carried out in a cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlational design.

The Prevalence, Serogroup Distribution and Risk Factors of Meningococcal Carriage in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults in Turkey Meningo-Carr-TR Study PART 3: COVID-19 Pandemic Situation.

Background: The prevalence of meningococcal carriage and serogroup distribution is crucial for assessing the epidemiology of invasive meningococcal disease, forecasting outbreaks and formulating potential immunization strategies. Following the meningococcal carriage studies conducted in Turkey in 2016 and 2018, we planned to re-evaluate meningococcal carriage in children, adolescents and young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic period.

Methods: In the MENINGO-CARR-3 study, we collected nasopharyngeal samples from 1585 participants 0-24 years of age, across 9 different centers in Turkey.

Outcome of Mechanical Thrombectomy in Patients Older Than 85 Years: A Single Center Experience.

Objectives: Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) has revolutionized the treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Still, the efficacy and safety in patients older than 85 years of age are not conclusive by the present randomized controlled trials' data (RCT). Aging is a multifactorial process and the impact of MT on this specific population needs to be further analyzed.

Comparison of the Inhibitory Effects of Flunixin Meglumine and Meloxicam on the Smooth Muscles Motility of the Gastrointestinal Tract of Cattle.

This study aimed to compare the inhibitory effect of flunixin meglumine and meloxicam on the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract in male cattle. Tissue samples, including the abomasum, ileum, proximal loop and centripetal gyri of the ascending colon, were collected from routinely slaughtered male cattle. These samples were sectioned into strips and mounted in an isolated tissue bath system.

The association between HALP score and survival in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Background: The hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet (HALP) score could be a prognostic biomarker in patients with cancer as a reflector of nutritional and inflammatory status, although the data is limited in patients treated with immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Therefore, we sought to investigate the relationship between HALP score and survival in ICI-treated patients.

Methods: We included adult patients with advanced cancer treated with ICIs between June 2016 and January 2024.

Prognostic Value of Immune Scoring System for Colorectal Cancer Patients with Peritoneal Metastasis.

There is no reliable immune scoring system that can help us predict the postoperative outcomes of colorectal cancer patients with peritoneal metastases after cytoreductive surgery. In this cohort, the aims were (1) to evaluate the postoperative morbidity, mortality and surgical oncological outcomes in colorectal cancer patients with peritoneal metastasis; (2) to compare oncological and postoperative outcomes of colon cancer patients with peritoneal metastasis and rectal cancer patients with peritoneal metastasis; and (3) to assess the prognostic value of the modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) and the CRP-albumin ratio (CAR). : A prospectively maintained database of 258 patients who underwent cytoreductive surgery for peritoneal metastases of colorectal origin between 2007 and 2024 was analyzed.

Geometric morphometric analysis of red fox (Vulpes vulpes) skulls using radiometric techniques at three and six months of development.

Background: Morphological growth naturally progresses with age; however, the rate of growth varies across different parts of an organism, with certain structures developing more rapidly than others. This study aimed to analyze and compare the skull development of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) during two specific developmental stages: the 3rd and 6th months, which represent distinct growth phases in their early ontogeny.

Methods: In this study, we aimed to analyze and compare skull development in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) during two specific post-natal time points: the 3rd and 6th months.

Evaluating round window niche visibility in cochlear implantation: anatomical insights and electrode insertion strategies.

Purpose: Cochlear implantation (CI) surgery is essential for restoring hearing in individuals with severe sensorineural hearing loss. Accurate placement of the electrode within the cochlea is essential for successful auditory outcomes and minimizing complications. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the round window niche (RWN) alignment, its visibility during surgery, and the impact on surgical techniques and outcomes.

Nd:YAG Laser Application for the Treatment of Retained Lens Fragment in the Anterior Chamber Following Cataract Surgery.

Cataract surgery is the most frequently performed surgery worldwide. Although it is an effective surgical treatment option for improving patients' visual acuity, various complications can occur postoperatively. One such complication is the presence of retained lens material in the anterior chamber, which can lead to intraocular inflammation, increased intraocular pressure, corneal edema, and endothelial cell loss.

Readability and Appropriateness of Responses Generated by ChatGPT 3.5, ChatGPT 4.0, Gemini, and Microsoft Copilot for FAQs in Refractive Surgery.

Objectives: To assess the appropriateness and readability of large language model (LLM) chatbots' answers to frequently asked questions about refractive surgery.

Materials And Methods: Four commonly used LLM chatbots were asked 40 questions frequently asked by patients about refractive surgery. The appropriateness of the answers was evaluated by 2 experienced refractive surgeons.

Activity of CDK4/6 inhibitors and parameters affecting survival in elderly patients in age-subgroups: Turkish Oncology Group (TOG) retrospective study.

Highly selective inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6is) have emerged as a standart of care for first- and second-line therapies in combination with endocrine therapy (ET) for HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients. It has been reported that combination therapy is more effective than ET alone and is safe in elderly patients as well as young patients. Nevertheless, elderly and very old patients with HR+/HER2-MBC treated with CDK4/6 inhibitor (CDK4/6i) combinations are relatively underrepresented in randomized controlled trials.

High sacral slope, lumbar lordosis, and sacral slope-to-pelvic incidence ratio are associated with new bone formation in ankylosing spondylitis.

Background/aim: Syndesmophyte formation appears to be site-specific in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and new bone formation seems to occur in regions of microtrauma that are prone to tensile forces. Pelvic and spinal parameters are unique for each individual. Pelvic tilt and sacral slope are important anatomical features that compensate in harmony in keeping the sagittal balance.

A randomised controlled pilot trial protocol for patient led cognitive gamified training during haemodialysis.

Disruptions in cognitive function have been reported in individuals undergoing haemodialysis and those with chronic kidney disease. This pilot study protocol primarily assesses the feasibility and acceptability of using mobile cognitive gaming apps for patient-led cognitive training during haemodialysis sessions. The protocol consists of three phases: (1) reviewing and evaluating available cognitive gaming apps, (2) conducting focus groups/interviews with people with kidney disease to determine app preferences, and (3) undertaking a quasi-experimental randomised controlled trial to compare cognitive outcomes between a patient-led app intervention group and a standard care control group over four months.

Organoids, tissue slices and organotypic cultures: Advancing our understanding of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma through in vitro and ex vivo models.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has one of the worst prognoses of all common solid cancers. For the large majority of PDAC patients, only systemic therapies with very limited efficacy are indicated. In addition, immunotherapies have not brought the advances seen in other cancer types.

Living with a new kidney from the perspective of adolescents: A mandala-supported qualitative study.

Background: Despite advances in transplant procedures, children and adolescents still face some challenges post-transplant and are at high risk for psychiatric, academic, and social problems. This study aims to explore the lived experiences of adolescent kidney transplant recipients through interviews and the use of mandala art therapy.

Methods: This study adopted a descriptive phenomenological design and thematic analysis approach based on Husserl's philosophy.

A scoping review of participatory approaches in child maltreatment research across Europe.

Background: Participatory approaches in child maltreatment (CM) research increasingly focus on involving children, youth, and adults as co-researchers. However, little is known about their use in Europe.

Objective: To review the European literature on participatory approaches in CM research.

Comparative Assessment of colorimetric assays in evaluating intracellular drug susceptibility of Leishmania tropica against conventional antileishmanial drugs.

This study aims to identify the most sensitive colorimetric test for assessing intracellular drug susceptibility of Leishmania tropica to conventional antileishmanial drugs. To this end, the efficacy of four colorimetric methods-MTT, XTT, MTS, and WST-8-was compared using reference L. tropica promastigotes.

The perspectives and knowledge of patients with cancer on mpox and mpox vaccination: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: The recent outbreak of monkeypox (mpox) poses significant public health challenges, particularly for immunocompromised populations such as patients with cancer. However, misinformation poses a significant challenge during new outbreaks for patients with chronic diseases, as observed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, we aimed to assess perspectives and knowledge of patients with cancer on mpox and their willingness to receive mpox vaccination.

Efficacy of Ruxolitinib in the management of chronic GVHD.

Objectives: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a potentially curative treatment for hematological diseases, with success rates improving due to advancements in conditioning regimens and new anti-graft versus host disease (GVHD) drugs. Ruxolitinib, an oral selective Janus kinase (JAK) 1 and 2 inhibitor has been used to mitigate the effects of various inflammatory and myeloproliferative syndromes, given the JAK kinase pathway's central role in cytokine signaling during inflammatory and immune processes. In this study we aimed to assess ruxolitinib's efficacy in patients with chronic GVHD (cGVHD).

The Effect of Using Chlorhexidine Gluconate and Povidone Iodine Solution on the Healing Process Before a Cesarean Section.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the effect of povidone iodine (PI) and chlorhexidine gluconate (CG) shower groups on the healing process in cesarean section operations.

Design: Randomized controlled trial.

Methods: Patients were recruited from Gynecology and Obstetrics Hospital in Turkey between February and May 2021.