Medical Digital Twin: A Review on Technical Principles and Clinical Applications.

The usage of digital twins (DTs) is growing across a wide range of businesses. The health sector is one area where DT use has recently increased. Ultimately, the concept of digital health twins holds the potential to enhance human existence by transforming disease prevention, health preservation, diagnosis, treatment, and management.

Methylene Blue and Blood Transfusion in Hemorrhagic Shock Resuscitation: An Experimental Porcine Study.

Introduction: Hemorrhagic shock requires immediate treatment to prevent mortality and organ dysfunction. This study evaluates the efficacy of methylene blue (MB) with blood transfusion (BT) as a potential rescue therapy in acute severe bleeding in pigs.

Methods: Thirty animals were randomly assigned to one of six groups following the induction of fixed-pressure hemorrhagic shock, after reaching a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 55 mmHg - Group 1 (60 BT: BT after 60 minutes), Group 2 (60 MB: MB infusion after 60 minutes), Group 3 (60 MB + BT: MB and BT after 60 minutes), Group 4 (15 MB + BT: MB and BT after 15 minutes), Group 5 (15 BT + 60 MB: BT after 15 minutes and MB infusion after 60 minutes), and Group 6 (15 MB + 60 BT: MB infusion after 15 minutes and BT after 60 minutes).

Imaging of pediatric skull lytic lesions: A review.

Skull lesions in pediatric population are common findings on imaging and sometimes with heterogeneous manifestations, constituting a diagnostic challenge. Some lesions can be misinterpreted for their aggressiveness, as with larger lesions eroding cortical bone, containing soft tissue components, leading to excessive and, in some cases, invasive inappropriate etiological investigation. In this review, we present multiple several conditions that may present as skull lesions or pseudolesions, organized by groups (anatomic variants, congenital and development disorders, traumatic injuries, vascular issues, infectious conditions, and tumoral processes).

Brain Spectroscopy Analysis in Retired Soccer Players With Chronic Exposure to Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries.

Soccer players are at risk of suffering cranial injuries in the short and long term. There is growing concern that this may lead to traumatic brain injury in soccer players. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is an analytical method that enables the measurement of changes in brain metabolites that usually occur before significant structural changes.

Brain MRI Abnormalities, Epilepsy and Intellectual Disability in LAMA2 Related Dystrophy - a Genotype/Phenotype Correlation.

Background: LAMA2-related muscular dystrophy is a disorder that causes muscle weakness and varies in severity, from a severe, congenital type to a milder, late-onset form. However, the disease does not only affect the muscles, but has systemic involvement and can lead to alterations such as brain malformation, epilepsy and intellectual disability.

Objective: Describe the frequency of cortical malformations, epilepsy and intellectual disability in LAMA2-RD in a Brazilian cohort and correlate the neurological findings to genetic and motor function.

Multi-population generalizability of a deep learning-based chest radiograph severity score for COVID-19.

To tune and test the generalizability of a deep learning-based model for assessment of COVID-19 lung disease severity on chest radiographs (CXRs) from different patient populations. A published convolutional Siamese neural network-based model previously trained on hospitalized patients with COVID-19 was tuned using 250 outpatient CXRs. This model produces a quantitative measure of COVID-19 lung disease severity (pulmonary x-ray severity (PXS) score).

Clinical Artificial Intelligence Applications in Radiology: Neuro.

Radiologists have been at the forefront of the digitization process in medicine. Artificial intelligence (AI) is a promising area of innovation, particularly in medical imaging. The number of applications of AI in neuroradiology has also grown.

A Deep Learning-based Model for Detecting Abnormalities on Brain MR Images for Triaging: Preliminary Results from a Multisite Experience.

Purpose: To develop a deep learning model for detecting brain abnormalities on MR images.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective study, a deep learning approach using T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images was developed to classify brain MRI findings as "likely normal" or "likely abnormal." A convolutional neural network model was trained on a large, heterogeneous dataset collected from two different continents and covering a broad panel of pathologic conditions, including neoplasms, hemorrhages, infarcts, and others.

Cerebellofaciodental syndrome in an adult patient: Expanding the phenotypic and natural history characteristics.

Cerebellofaciodental syndrome is characterized by facial dysmorphisms, intellectual disability, cerebellar hypoplasia, and dental anomalies. It is an autosomal-recessive condition described in 2015 caused by pathogenic variants in BRF1. Here, we report a Brazilian patient who faced a diagnostic challenge beginning at 11 months of age.

Brain abnormalities in myelomeningocele patients.

Background: Myelomeningocele (MMC) is often related to hydrocephalus and Chiari malformation (CM) type 2; however, other brain abnormalities have been reported in this population. In order to better understand and quantify other forebrain abnormalities, we analyzed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of MMC patients treated in utero or postnatal.

Methods: Between January 2014 and March 2017, 59 MMC were treated in our hospital.