Convergent and environmentally associated chromatic polymorphism in Bryconops Kner, 1858 (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Iguanodectidae).

Bryconops Kner, 1858, includes two well defined subgenera based on morphological evidence, with each containing at least one species (B. (Bryconops) caudomaculatus and B. (Creatochanes) melanurus) with a very wide distribution, within which regional populations present color variations.

Revisiting the phylogeny of the genus Lolliguncula Steenstrup 1881 improves understanding of their biogeography and proves the validity of Lolliguncula argus Brakoniecki & Roper, 1985.

The biogeography of American loliginid squids has been improved in recent years, but certain key taxa have been missing. Given that the most accurate phylogenies and estimates of divergence times of common ancestors depend heavily on good taxonomic coverage we have reanalyzed the genus Lolliguncula in light of new samples that increase the geographic and taxonomic coverage. New sequences were produced using standard methods to update an existing dataset for COI, 16S and Rhodopsin markers.