Eeg Microstates and Balance Parameters for Stroke Discrimination: A Machine Learning Approach.

Electroencephalography microstates (EEG-MS) show promise to be a neurobiological biomarker in stroke. Thus, the aim of the study was to identify biomarkers to discriminate stroke patients from healthy individuals based on EEG-MS and clinical features using a machine learning approach. Fifty-four participants (27 stroke patients and 27 healthy age and sex-matched controls) were recruited.

Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation on the cognitive function of individuals with Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression.

Objective: To analyze the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on the cognitive function of individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods: This systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression included randomized clinical trials published until 05/2022. We included studies conducted with individuals with AD of both sexes, aged between 55 and 85 years, treated with tDCS, TMS, or both.

Identifying biomarkers for tDCS treatment response in Alzheimer's disease patients: a machine learning approach using resting-state EEG classification.

Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a promising treatment for Alzheimer's Disease (AD). However, identifying objective biomarkers that can predict brain stimulation efficacy, remains a challenge. The primary aim of this investigation is to delineate the cerebral regions implicated in AD, taking into account the existing lacuna in comprehension of these regions.

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Brain-Computer Interfaces for Improving Post-Stroke Recovery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation associated with brain-computer interface in stroke patients.

Data Sources: The PubMed, Central, PEDro, Web of Science, SCOPUS, PsycINFO Ovid, CINAHL EBSCO, EMBASE, and ScienceDirect databases were searched from inception to April 2023 for randomized controlled studies reporting the effects of active transcranial direct current stimulation associated with brain-computer interface to a transcranial direct current stimulation sham associated with brain-computer interface condition on the outcome measure (motor performance and functional independence).

Review Methods: We searched for full-text articles which had investigated the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation associated with brain-computer interface on motor performance in the upper extremities in stroke patients.

A Novel Exploratory Graph-Based Analytical Tool for Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Naturalistic Experiments: An Illustrative Application in Typically Developing Children.

Naturalistic paradigms are being increasingly applied to investigate human brain function. Compared with resting-state and task-based paradigms in neuroimaging, naturalistic stimuli and situations can be potentially more readily translated to daily-life applications. Among neuroimaging modalities, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is particularly suitable for naturalistic investigations and applications.

Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on lower limb function, balance and quality of life after stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: This systematic review with meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of tDCS on lower limb function, balance and quality of life in stroke patients.

Methods: The search included PubMed, CENTRAL, PEDro, Web of Science, SCOPUS, PsycINFO Ovid, CINAHL EBSCO, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, reference lists of relevant reviews, clinical trials registries and academic google, in June and July 2021. Randomized controlled trials were selected, which present the effect of tDCS on lower limb motor function recovery in stroke patients, comparing any type of active tDCS versus sham; parallel or crossover study design; adult patients; stimulation on the primary motor cortex; articles published in any language; without restriction of publication period.

Are the EEG microstates correlated with motor and non-motor parameters in patients with Parkinson's disease?

Objectives: This study compared electroencephalography microstates (EEG-MS) of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) to healthy controls and correlated EEG-MS with motor and non-motor aspects of PD.

Methods: This cross-sectional exploratory study was conducted with patients with PD (n = 10) and healthy controls (n = 10) matched by sex and age. We recorded EEG-MS using 32 channels during eyes-closed and eyes-open conditions and analyzed the four classic EEG-MS maps (A, B, C, D).

Effects on pain and cognition of transcranial direct current stimulation over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in women with chronic migraine.

We compared the effects of one versus two daily sessions of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS) delivered to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) for 10 days in a cohort of 30 women (mean age 28.0±6.92) with chronic migraine (CM, disease duration: 37.

Efficacy and safety of HD-tDCS and respiratory rehabilitation for critically ill patients with COVID-19 The HD-RECOVERY randomized clinical trial.

Background And Purpose: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ADRS) due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with muscle fatigue, corticospinal pathways dysfunction, and mortality. High-Definition transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (HD-tDCS) may be used to attenuate clinical impairment in these patients. The HD-RECOVERY randomized clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of HD-tDCS with respiratory rehabilitation in patients with moderate to severe ARDS due to COVID-19.

Effects of multisite anodal transcranial direct current stimulation combined with cognitive stimulation in patients with Alzheimer's disease and its neurophysiological correlates: A double-blind randomized clinical trial.

Objectives: We aimed to examine the effects of multisite anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) combined with cognitive stimulation (CS) over 2 months on cognitive performance and brain activity, and the relationship between them, in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods: Patients with AD were randomly assigned to an active tDCS+CS (n=18) or a sham tDCS+CS (n=18) group. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog) and brain activity using EEG (spectral power and coherence analysis) before and after the intervention.

The Effects of Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation on Quantitative EEG in Patients With Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Scoping Review.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms, aside from alterations in the electroencephalogram (EEG) already registered. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques have been suggested as an alternative rehabilitative therapy, but the neurophysiological changes associated with these techniques are still unclear. We aimed to identify the nature and extent of research evidence on the effects of NIBS techniques in the cortical activity measured by EEG in patients with PD.

Effects of rTMS and tDCS on neuropathic pain after brachial plexus injury: a randomized placebo-controlled pilot study.

Neuropathic pain after brachial plexus injury (NPBPI) is a highly disabling clinical condition and is increasingly prevalent due to increased motorcycle accidents. Currently, no randomized controlled trials have evaluated the effectiveness of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) in patients suffering from NPBPI. In this study, we directly compare the efficacy of 10-Hz rTMS and anodal 2 mA tDCS techniques applied over the motor cortex (5 daily consecutive sessions) in 20 patients with NPBPI, allocated into 2 parallel groups (active or sham).

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Parkinson's Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Clinical impact of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) alone for Parkinson's disease (PD) is still a challenge. Thus, there is a need to synthesize available results, analyze methodologically and statistically, and provide evidence to guide tDCS in PD. Investigate isolated tDCS effect in different brain areas and number of stimulated targets on PD motor symptoms.

Effects of Synergism of Mindfulness Practice Associated With Transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation in Chronic Migraine: Pilot, Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blind Clinical Trial.

Chronic migraine is a difficult disease to diagnose, and its pathophysiology remains undefined. Its symptoms affect the quality of life and daily living tasks of the affected person, leading to momentary disability. This is a pilot, randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial study with female patients between 18 and 65 years old with chronic migraine.

The role of vitamin B12 in viral infections: a comprehensive review of its relationship with the muscle-gut-brain axis and implications for SARS-CoV-2 infection.

This comprehensive review establishes the role of vitamin B12 as adjunct therapy for viral infections in the treatment and persistent symptoms of COVID-19, focusing on symptoms related to the muscle-gut-brain axis. Vitamin B12 can help balance immune responses to better fight viral infections. Furthermore, data from randomized clinical trials and meta-analysis indicate that vitamin B12 in the forms of methylcobalamin and cyanocobalamin may increase serum vitamin B12 levels, and resulted in decreased serum methylmalonic acid and homocysteine concentrations, and decreased pain intensity, memory loss, and impaired concentration.

Multisite non-invasive brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease: A scoping review.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by cardinal motor symptoms in addition to cognitive impairment. New insights concerning multisite non-invasive brain stimulation effects have been gained, which can now be used to develop innovative treatment approaches.

Objective: Map the researchs involving multisite non-invasive brain stimulation in PD, synthesize the available evidence and discuss future directions.

A guide for the use of fNIRS in microcephaly associated to congenital Zika virus infection.

Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS) is characterized by changes in cranial morphology associated with heterogeneous neurological manifestations and cognitive and behavioral impairments. In this syndrome, longitudinal neuroimaging could help clinicians to predict developmental trajectories of children and tailor treatment plans accordingly. However, regularly acquiring magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has several shortcomings besides cost, particularly those associated with childrens' clinical presentation as sensitivity to environmental stimuli.

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Mirror Therapy for Neuropathic Pain After Brachial Plexus Avulsion: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Pilot Study.

Although transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and mirror therapy (MT) have benefits in combating chronic pain, there is still no evidence of the effects of the simultaneous application of these techniques in patients with neuropathic pain. This study aims to assess the efficacy of tDCS paired with MT in neuropathic pain after brachial plexus injury. In a sham controlled, double-blind, parallel-group design, 16 patients were randomized to receive active or sham tDCS administered during mirror therapy.

Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on exercise performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been used to improve exercise performance, though the protocols used, and results found are mixed.

Objective: We aimed to analyze the effect of tDCS on improving exercise performance.

Methods: A systematic search was performed on the following databases, until December 2017: PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and SportDiscus.

Neurostimulation Combined With Cognitive Intervention in Alzheimer's Disease (NeuroAD): Study Protocol of Double-Blind, Randomized, Factorial Clinical Trial.

Despite advances in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), there is currently no prospect of a cure, and evidence shows that multifactorial interventions can benefit patients. A promising therapeutic alternative is the use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) simultaneously with cognitive intervention. The combination of these non-pharmacological techniques is apparently a safe and accessible approach.

Colour discrimination thresholds in type 1 Bipolar Disorder: a pilot study.

Although some studies have reported perceptual changes in psychosis, no definitive conclusions have been drawn about visual disturbances that are related to bipolar disorder (BPD). The purpose of the present study was to evaluate colour vision in BPD patients. Data were recorded from 24 participants: healthy control group (n = 12) and type 1 BPD group (n = 12).

Effects of different montages of transcranial direct current stimulation on the risk of falls and lower limb function after stroke.

Background: Stroke is associated with high rates of falling and severe impairment of lower limb in patients who survive.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of different montages of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on reducing falls and on lower limb function after acute stroke.

Methods: Sixty participants with acute stroke were randomly allocated into four groups with different electrode's setups: anodal, cathodal, bilateral and sham tDCS.

Transcranial direct current stimulation over the primary motor vs prefrontal cortex in refractory chronic migraine: A pilot randomized controlled trial.

Although transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) represents a therapeutic option for the prophylaxis of chronic migraine, the target area for application of the electrical current to the cortex has not yet been well established. Here we sought to determine whether a treatment protocol involving 12 sessions of 2mA, 20min anodal stimulation of the left primary motor (M1) or dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) could offer clinical benefits in the management of pain from migraine. Thirteen participants were assessed before and after treatment, using the Headache Impact Test-6, Visual Analogue Scale and Medical Outcomes Study 36 - Item Short - Form Health Survey.

Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy Combined with Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation over Premotor Cortex Improves Motor Function in Severe Stroke: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

We compared the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation at different cortical sites (premotor and motor primary cortex) combined with constraint-induced movement therapy for treatment of stroke patients. Sixty patients were randomly distributed into 3 groups: Group A, anodal stimulation on premotor cortex and constraint-induced movement therapy; Group B, anodal stimulation on primary motor cortex and constraint-induced movement therapy; Group C, sham stimulation and constraint-induced movement therapy. Evaluations involved analysis of functional independence, motor recovery, spasticity, gross motor function, and muscle strength.