Assessments of working group effectiveness in the planning of the New Jersey Kids Study: An applied mixed-methods study on the science of team science.

Introduction: The New Jersey Kids Study (NJKS) is a transdisciplinary statewide initiative to understand influences on child health, development, and disease. We conducted a mixed-methods study of project planning teams to investigate team effectiveness and relationships between team dynamics and quality of deliverables.

Methods: Ten theme-based working groups (WGs) (e.

Targeted Deletion of Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 Rescues Metabolic Dysregulation of Diet-induced Obesity in Female Mice.

Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a bone-secreted protein widely recognized as a critical regulator of skeletal and mineral metabolism. However, little is known about the nonskeletal production of FGF23 and its role in tissues other than bone. Growing evidence indicates that circulating FGF23 levels rise with a high-fat diet (HFD) and they are positively correlated with body mass index (BMI) in humans.

Vitamin D Binding Protein and Postsurgical Outcomes and Tissue Injury Markers After Hip Fracture: A Prospective Study.

Context: Hip fracture is a serious injury that can lead to increased morbidity and mortality. Vitamin D binding protein (DBP) is a potential prognostic indicator of outcomes since it is important for actin scavenging and inflammation after tissue injury.

Objective: To determine whether circulating DBP is associated with mobility or mortality after hip fracture and its association with acute tissue injury markers.

A vitamin D deficient diet increases weight gain and compromises bone biomechanical properties without a reduction in BMD in adult female mice.

Vitamin D contributes to the development and maintenance of bone. Evidence suggests vitamin D status can also alter energy balance and gut health. In young animals, vitamin D deficiency (VDD) negatively affects bone mineral density (BMD) and bone microarchitecture, and these effects may also occur due to chronic ethanol intake.

Saturated Fatty Acids and Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Improve Metabolic Parameters in Ovariectomized Female Mice.

In menopausal and postmenopausal women, the risk for obesity, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and gut dysbiosis are elevated by the depletion of 17β-estradiol. A diet that is high in omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly linoleic acid (LA), and low in saturated fatty acids (SFAs) found in coconut oil and omega-3 PUFAs may worsen symptoms of estrogen deficiency. To investigate this hypothesis, ovariectomized C57BL/6J and transgenic fat-1 mice, which lower endogenous omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, were treated with either a vehicle or estradiol benzoate (EB) and fed a high-fat diet with a high or low PUFA:SFA ratio for ~15 weeks.

Coconut Oil Saturated Fatty Acids Improved Energy Homeostasis but not Blood Pressure or Cognition in VCD-Treated Female Mice.

Obesity, cardiometabolic disease, cognitive decline, and osteoporosis are symptoms of postmenopause, which can be modeled using 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD)-treated mice to induce ovarian failure and estrogen deficiency combined with high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. The trend of replacing saturated fatty acids (SFAs), for example coconut oil, with seed oils that are high in polyunsaturated fatty acids, specifically linoleic acid (LA), may induce inflammation and gut dysbiosis, and worsen symptoms of estrogen deficiency. To investigate this hypothesis, vehicle (Veh)- or VCD-treated C57BL/6J mice were fed a HFD (45% kcal fat) with a high LA:SFA ratio (22.

Corrigendum: Cannabidiol-treated ovariectomized mice show improved glucose, energy, and bone metabolism with a bloom in .

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.

Fracture Risk in Vegetarians and Vegans: the Role of Diet and Metabolic Factors.

Purpose Of Review: There is strong evidence that poor dietary intake of certain micro- and macro-nutrients can negatively affect bone health. It is unclear if diet is the primary culprit for poor bone health in the vegan population.

Recent Findings: Plant-based diets are gaining public interest since they may improve metabolic health.

Cannabidiol-Treated Ovariectomized Mice Show Improved Glucose, Energy, and Bone Metabolism With a Bloom in .

Loss of ovarian 17β-estradiol (E2) in postmenopause is associated with gut dysbiosis, inflammation, and increased risk of cardiometabolic disease and osteoporosis. The risk-benefit profile of hormone replacement therapy is not favorable in postmenopausal women therefore better treatment options are needed. Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid extracted from hemp, has shown pharmacological activities suggesting it has therapeutic value for postmenopause, which can be modeled in ovariectomized (OVX) mice.

Higher protein intake during caloric restriction improves diet quality and attenuates loss of lean body mass.

Objective: Higher protein intake during weight loss is associated with better health outcomes, but whether this is because of improved diet quality is not known. The purpose of this study was to examine how the change in self-selected protein intake during caloric restriction (CR) alters diet quality and lean body mass (LBM).

Methods: In this analysis of pooled data from multiple weight loss trials, 207 adults with overweight or obesity were examined before and during 6 months of CR (approximately 10 food records/person).

Forensic alcohol calculations in transgender individuals undergoing gender-affirming hormonal treatment.

There are an increasing number of individuals undergoing gender-affirming hormonal treatment (GAHT) to treat gender dysphoria. Current forensic alcohol calculations require knowledge of the sex of the individual, but this may disadvantage trans people as research has demonstrated that there are physiological changes in individuals who are undergoing GAHT. Using previously published studies on total body water (TBW) in cis individuals, and the known changes in lean body mass and hematocrit in trans individuals, it is possible to estimate TBW in trans individuals and compare them to those cis equation estimations.

Older Women who are Overweight or Obese Have Vertebral Abnormalities, Partially Degraded TBS, and BMD that Worsen with Weight Loss.

Obesity is a risk factor for chronic diseases and moderate weight loss is generally recommended. Energy restriction results in the loss of hip bone mineral density (BMD) in older adults, but there is no consistent decline at the lumbar spine (LS), possibly due to vertebral abnormalities although this may also be dependent on the amount of weight loss. In this secondary analysis of weight loss trials investigating BMD and trabecular bone score (TBS) changes over 12-18 months, 92 postmenopausal women (60.

Lipocalin-2 is an anorexigenic signal in primates.

In the mouse, the osteoblast-derived hormone Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) suppresses food intake and acts as a satiety signal. We show here that meal challenges increase serum LCN2 levels in persons with normal or overweight, but not in individuals with obesity. Postprandial LCN2 serum levels correlate inversely with hunger sensation in challenged subjects.

Perspective: US Documentation and Regulation of Human Nutrition Randomized Controlled Trials.

Training to ensure good documentation practices and adherence to regulatory requirements in human nutrition randomized controlled trials has not been given sufficient attention. Furthermore, it is difficult to find this information conveniently organized or in a form relevant to nutrition protocols. Current gaps in training and research surveillance exist in clinical nutrition research because training modules emphasize drugs and devices, promote reliance on monitoring boards, and lack nutrition expertise on human nutrition research teams.

Administration of Denosumab Preserves Bone Mineral Density at the Knee in Persons With Subacute Spinal Cord Injury: Findings From a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Persons with neurologically motor-complete spinal cord injury (SCI) have a marked loss of bone mineral density (BMD) of the long bones of the lower extremities, predisposing them to fragility fractures, especially at the knee. Denosumab, a commercially available human monoclonal IgG antibody to receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), may provide an immunopharmacological solution to the rapid progressive deterioration of sublesional bone after SCI. Twenty-six SCI participants with subacute motor-complete SCI were randomized to receive either denosumab (60 mg) or placebo at baseline (BL), 6, and 12 months.

Total body water is the preferred method to use in forensic blood-alcohol calculations rather than ethanol's volume of distribution.

During the prosecution and defence of drink-driving cases, forensic practitioners are often required to engage in various blood-alcohol calculations, such as whether or not the statutory limit was exceeded (e.g. 80mg/100mL, 0.

Low-vitamin-D diet lowers cerebral serotonin concentration in mature female mice.

Low circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) is commonly found in obese individuals and is often attributed to a volume dilution effect of adipose tissue. However, low vitamin D (LD) intake may contribute to the obesity itself. In this study, we examine whether low vitamin D status contributes to increased food intake and weight gain and can be explained by altered brain serotonin metabolism in 8-month-old female C57BL/6J mice.

Serum Klotho levels in primary hyperparathyroidism patients before and after parathyroidectomy.

Purpose: To investigate Klotho level and its association with biochemical indices of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT).

Methods: Fifty PHPT patients and fifty-two age- and body mass index-(BMI) matched healthy control subjects were recruited. In addition, twenty-five PHPT patients underwent parathyroidectomy (PTX) and had 4-month follow-up visits.